Association of Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Free Testosterone with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has lately been connected to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a growing body of research, even though hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of PCOS.Evaluate the association of serum anti-Müllerian hormone and free testosterone with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: This is cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, during the period from November 2023 to March 2024. It included 111 women, 91 of these women, age range (18-40 year) were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome according to 2003 Rotterdam Consensus criteria, and 20 women were apparently healthy women. The PCOS women were sub-grouped into four phenotype groups (A, B, C and D). Investigations included serum measurements of free testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in all included women.

Results: The results revealed that phenotype A is the predominant one of PCOS, while the B phenotype is the rare one. The mean (±SEM) values of free testosterone levels of phenotypes A, B, and C were significantly higher those of phenotype D and controls (p=0.001). The mean (±SEM) value of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels was significantly increased in phenotypes A (p=0.04) and D (p=0.01) than C phenotype.

Conclusions: Phenotype A is the predominant one of PCOS phenotypes and is associated with highest serum AMH, free testosterone and obesity. Both free testosterone and AMH are helpful in differentiation of different phenotypes of PCOS.