解决产品生命周期中的制药污染问题:生产者、监管者和处方者的角色和责任。

IF 2 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Pharmacy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI:10.3390/pharmacy12060173
Gillian Parker, Fiona A Miller
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引用次数: 0

摘要

制药对环境造成了相当大的危害。该行业的资源密集性质,加上制造和运输的高能耗成本,造成了温室气体排放和生态系统污染的 "上游 "危害,而过度处方、过度使用和药品浪费等因素则造成了 "下游 "危害。要有效解决制药污染问题,需要了解产品生命周期中的关键角色和责任。在这篇评论中,我们认为生产者、监管者和处方者这三个角色在解决这些问题上负有独特且相互依存的责任。生产者和市场准入监管者是上游参与者,他们可以通过改变生产、经营方式和监管要求,以及提供透明、可靠的环境危害数据来管理和减轻危害。相比之下,处方者是下游参与者,他们减少环境危害的能力主要来自于减少不当处方和过度使用的 "共同利益"。要求处方者推荐 "环境友好型药品 "的呼声可能会使处方者的角色复杂化。尽管缺乏有关药品对环境影响的透明而可靠的数据,但这些呼吁仍在继续增加。我们认识到参与者之间的相互依存关系,认为这些呼吁非但不会无效,反而会引起人们对上游参与者重要责任的关注,即优先考虑数据生产、报告标准和公共透明度,以促进未来下游解决制药污染问题的努力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tackling Pharmaceutical Pollution Along the Product Lifecycle: Roles and Responsibilities for Producers, Regulators and Prescribers.

Pharmaceuticals produce considerable environmental harm. The industry's resource-intensive nature, coupled with high energy costs for manufacturing and transportation, contribute to the "upstream" harms from greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem pollution, while factors such as overprescription, overuse, and pharmaceutical waste contribute to the "downstream" harms. Effectively addressing pharmaceutical pollution requires an understanding of the key roles and responsibilities along the product lifecycle. In this commentary, we argue that three actors-producers, regulators, and prescribers-have unique and interdependent responsibilities to address these issues. Producers and market access regulators are upstream actors who can manage and mitigate harms by both shifting manufacturing, business practices, and regulatory requirements and producing transparent, robust data on environmental harms. By contrast, prescribers are downstream actors whose capacity to reduce environmental harms arises principally as a "co-benefit" of reducing inappropriate prescribing and overuse. Potentially complicating the prescriber's role are the calls for prescribers to recommend "environmentally preferable medicines". These calls continue to increase, even with the sparsity of transparent and robust data on the impact of pharmaceuticals on the environment. Recognizing the interdependencies among actors, we argue that, rather than being ineffectual, these calls draw needed attention to the critical responsibility for upstream actors to prioritize data production, reporting standards and public transparency to facilitate future downstream efforts to tackle pharmaceutical pollution.

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来源期刊
Pharmacy
Pharmacy PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
自引率
9.10%
发文量
141
审稿时长
11 weeks
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