漫长而曲折的道路:美国联邦医疗保险(Medicare)支气管扩张症患者在使用多种抗生素治疗复合分枝杆菌肺病后的三年死亡率。

IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-06 eCollection Date: 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofae639
Cara D Varley, Jennifer H Ku, Emily Henkle, Luke Strnad, Kevin L Winthrop
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景/目的:尽管有报道称复合分枝杆菌肺病(MAC-PD)患者的死亡率会升高,但与治疗复合分枝杆菌肺病的各种抗生素方案相关的生存率数据却很有限。我们对使用各种 MAC-PD 方案治疗支气管扩张症的医疗保险受益人的 3 年死亡率进行了比较分析:我们纳入了年龄≥65 岁、患有支气管扩张症的医疗保险受益人(01/2006-12/2014)。我们的队列仅限于使用 MAC-PD 疗法的新患者。MAC-PD疗法的定义是:≥60天的大环内酯类加≥1种其他MAC-PD抗生素处方。基于指南的疗法(GBT)包括大环内酯类、乙胺丁醇和/或利福霉素。利用 Cox 比例危险模型,我们计算了以下几组患者治疗开始后 3 年内死亡的调整后危险比(aHR):(1) 2007 年 GBT 与非 GBT;(2) 2020 年 GBT 与非 GBT;(3) 大环内酯-乙胺丁醇-利福霉素(3 种药物)与大环内酯-乙胺丁醇(2 种药物):我们确定了 4820 名新的 MAC-PD 治疗使用者,其中 866 人(17.9%)在开始治疗后 3 年内死亡。在开具 2007 年 GBT 处方的 3040 名受益人(63.1%)中,有 472 人(15.5%)在 3 年内死亡,而在开具非 GBT 处方的 1780 名受益人(36.9%)中,有 394 人(22.1%)在 3 年内死亡(aHR 0.82;95% 置信区间 [CI],0.72-0.94)。我们观察到 2020 年 GBT 与非 GBT 的趋势相似(aHR 0.81;95% 置信区间 [CI],0.70-.94])。开始使用 3 种药物与 2 种药物治疗方案的患者三年死亡率相似(aHR 0.89;95% CI,.74-1.08]):结论:在医疗保险的新澳门巴黎人娱乐官网治疗用户中,与 GBT 方案相比,非 GBT 方案的 3 年死亡率更高。这一发现是否表明 GBT 的疗效有所改善和/或使用非 GBT 方案的患者具有不同的特征,值得进一步研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Long and Winding Road: Three-year Mortality Following Prescription of Multidrug Antibiotic Treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex Pulmonary Disease in United States Medicare Beneficiaries With Bronchiectasis.

Background/aims: Although increased mortality has been reported among people with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD), data are limited on survival associated with various antibiotic regimens used to treat MAC-PD. We conducted a comparative analysis of 3-year mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with bronchiectasis using various MAC-PD regimens.

Methods: We included Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with bronchiectasis (01/2006-12/2014). We limited our cohort to new MAC-PD therapy users. MAC-PD therapy was defined as ≥60-day prescriptions for a macrolide plus ≥1 other MAC-PD antibiotic. Guideline-based therapy (GBT) included a macrolide, ethambutol, and/or rifamycin. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for death up to 3 years after therapy start between the following groups: (1) 2007 GBT versus non-GBT; (2) 2020 GBT versus non-GBT; and (3) macrolide-ethambutol-rifamycin (3-drug) versus macrolide-ethambutol (2-drug).

Results: We identified 4820 new MAC-PD therapy users, of whom 866 (17.9%) were deceased within 3 years of therapy initiation. Of 3040 (63.1%) beneficiaries prescribed 2007 GBT, 472 (15.5%) were deceased by 3 years, compared to 394 (22.1%) of 1780 (36.9%) prescribed non-GBT (aHR 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], .72-.94). We observed a similar trend for 2020 GBT versus non-GBT (aHR 0.81; 95% CI, .70-.94]). Three-year-mortality was similar between those starting 3-drug versus 2-drug regimens (aHR 0.89; 95% CI, .74-1.08]).

Conclusions: Among Medicare new MAC-PD therapy users, 3-year-mortality was higher in those prescribed non-GBT regimens compared to GBT regimens. Whether this finding suggests improved efficacy of GBT and/or differential characteristic of those using non-GBT regimens deserves further study.

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来源期刊
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Medicine-Neurology (clinical)
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
4.80%
发文量
630
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: Open Forum Infectious Diseases provides a global forum for the publication of clinical, translational, and basic research findings in a fully open access, online journal environment. The journal reflects the broad diversity of the field of infectious diseases, and focuses on the intersection of biomedical science and clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on knowledge that holds the potential to improve patient care in populations around the world. Fully peer-reviewed, OFID supports the international community of infectious diseases experts by providing a venue for articles that further the understanding of all aspects of infectious diseases.
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