Recent developments shaping the future of antimicrobial edible food packaging: a review

This article aimed at reviewing recent developments shaping the future of antimicrobial edible food packaging. The main issues discussed in the article are (i) factors (e.g. waste valorisation, sustainability, health and environmental concerns, religious concerns, etc.) causing emerging of alternative hydrocolloids extracted from farming/processing wastes of plants, animals, fungi, insects, snails, etc. as antimicrobial edible packaging material; (ii) emerging methods of manufacturing antimicrobial packaging (e.g. extruded and co-extruded antimicrobial casings, antimicrobial electrospun mats, and electrosprayed films, coatings and particles); (iii) emerging concepts in using natural antimicrobials in edible packaging such as using narrow- or broad-spectrum antimicrobials, synergetic mixtures, and controlled release strategies based on nanoencapsulation (e.g. Pickering emulsions, nanoemulsions, inclusion complexes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers). This review helps discovering the future of active edible packaging that is expected to play a central role in improving food safety and quality, human health and environmentally friendly practices.