Two-layer energy dispatching and collaborative optimization of regional integrated energy system considering stakeholders game and flexible load management

The Integrated Energy System (IES) facilitates the synergistic operation of diverse energy forms through flexible energy conversion and management strategies, offering robust support for energy transition and sustainable development. However, the IES model belongs to a highly complex and nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem. Achieving reliable solutions and designing efficient flexible load management strategies to effectively manage energy supply-demand balance still face challenges. Therefore, this study constructed a novel two-layer energy dispatching and collaborative optimization model for regional integrated energy system (TDCOMRIES) considering stakeholders game and flexible load management. Specifically, in TDCOMRIES, a master-slave game model led by the energy manager and a cooperative game model among the IES group are constructed to explore the relationships among stakeholders during the system operation process; a novel multi-objective snake optimization algorithm was proposed, and combined with the GUROBI solver to optimize TDCOMRIES; and two price responsiveness-based flexible load management strategies are presented to enhance the management efficiency and reduce the operational costs of the IES. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model, algorithm, and strategies were verified through three carefully designed cases. The results demonstrated that the flexible load management strategy leads to a significant reduction of approximately 18 % in the economic costs of IES, thereby effectively enhancing the target benefits for various stakeholders. Meanwhile, the IES achieved an average of 40 % new energy generation, an average electricity self-sufficiency rate of 60 %, and a 5.1 % increase in the level of energy satisfaction.