与采用标准美国饮食的女性相比，采用营养丰富的植物性饮食的女性表观遗传衰老速度更慢，炎症指标更低

IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104497

Deana M Ferreri , Jay T Sutliffe , Nanette V Lopez , Chloe A Sutliffe , Ryan Smith , Natalia Carreras-Gallo , Varun B Dwaraka , Ann Alexis Prestrud , Joel H Fuhrman

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景以植物为基础的饮食与较低的炎症生物标志物和降低与年龄相关的慢性疾病风险有关。衰老的表观遗传生物标志物是一种基于 DNA 甲基化的工具，可估算生物年龄和衰老速度，从而深入了解与年龄相关的健康风险。目标目前尚未对营养密集型、富含植物（营养素食者）饮食中的炎症生物标志物和表观遗传衰老进行研究，这种饮食以植物为基础，强调特定的植物性食物，如十字花科蔬菜、豆类和其他豆类、洋葱和大蒜、蘑菇、浆果、坚果和种子。在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们调查了48名习惯（≥5年）采用营养食谱饮食的女性和49名习惯（≥5年）采用标准美式饮食（SAD）的无肥胖女性的饮食炎症潜能、使用第一代、第二代和第三代时钟的表观遗传年龄加速以及其他与健康相关的表观遗传生物标志物。结果第三代时钟 DunedinPACE 显示，营养素食者组的遗传年龄加速明显慢于 SAD 组（P = 4.26 × 10-6）。从经验膳食炎症模式和膳食炎症指数来看，营养膳食组的膳食炎症潜能较低。我们观察到甲基化预测的免疫细胞亚群存在差异（中性粒细胞较低，T调节细胞较高），C反应蛋白的表观遗传生物标志物也较低，这都表明营养膳食组的炎症状况较低。营养膳食组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、体重指数（BMI）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 5 和血糖的表观遗传生物标志物也较低。

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Slower Pace of Epigenetic Aging and Lower Inflammatory Indicators in Females Following a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich Diet Than Those in Females Following the Standard American Diet

Background

Plant-based diets are associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers and reduced risk of age-related chronic diseases. Epigenetic biomarkers of aging are DNA methylation-based tools that estimate biological age and rate of aging, providing insights into age-related health risks. Healthy diet and lifestyle indicators correlate with slower epigenetic aging.

Objectives

Neither inflammatory biomarkers nor epigenetic aging has yet been studied in the nutrient-dense, plant-rich (Nutritarian) diet, a plant-based diet that emphasizes specific plant foods, such as cruciferous vegetables, beans and other legumes, onions and garlic, mushrooms, berries, nuts, and seeds. We aimed to compare inflammatory status and epigenetic age acceleration in females following a Nutritarian diet with those of females following a standard American diet (SAD).

Methods

We investigated dietary inflammatory potential, epigenetic age acceleration using first, second, and third-generation clocks, and additional health-related epigenetic biomarkers in this retrospective cohort study of 48 females who habitually (≥5 y) follow a Nutritarian diet and 49 females without obesity who habitually (≥5 y) follow a SAD. Participants completed a series of online questionnaires and provided a blood sample.

Results

Epigenetic age acceleration, indicated by the third-generation clock DunedinPACE, was significantly slower in the Nutritarian group than that in the SAD group (P = 4.26 × 10⁻⁶). The Nutritarian diet group showed lower dietary inflammatory potential, as indicated by Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern and Dietary Inflammatory Index. We observed differences in methylation-predicted immune cell subsets (lower neutrophils and higher T regulatory cells) and a lower epigenetic biomarker proxy for C-reactive protein, both of which suggested a lower inflammatory status in the Nutritarian group. Epigenetic biomarker proxies for LDL cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, and blood glucose were also lower in the Nutritarian group.