Biologically active peptides from soy: Updates on antihypertensive action and gut microbiota modulation

The gut microbiota (GM) is associated with several chronic diseases including hypertension, to which novel therapeutic and management strategies have been applied. A dysbiosis is said to occur when there is an imbalance in the GM's Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Hypertension in particular is linked to a dysbiotic gut and currently affects about 20 % of the world's population. Plant-based peptides such as soy-derived peptides offer a unique antihypertensive prospect as against the conventional use of medications like captopril. This review provides status updates on antihypertensive soy peptides and their mechanisms. The link between GM modulation and hypertension, and the production of antihypertensive and GM modulatory soy peptides are discussed, with some examples. Research gaps and deduced information suggest that substantial studies are warranted to justify health claims and the possible use of antihypertensive soy peptides with GM modulatory effects.