Xin Sui , Xuelian Bao , Hongtu Xie , Xiaobo Ba , Yang Yu , Yali Yang , Hongbo He , Chao Liang , Xudong Zhang
{"title":"豆科和禾本科覆盖作物作为活覆盖物对土壤微生物群落和养分代谢限制的季节性影响对比","authors":"Xin Sui , Xuelian Bao , Hongtu Xie , Xiaobo Ba , Yang Yu , Yali Yang , Hongbo He , Chao Liang , Xudong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109374","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crops are increasingly recognized for their role in enhancing the multifunctionality and health of soil. Previous studies have focused largely on the effects of cover crop residues and have overlooked the impacts of living cover crops on the soil biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by examining the effects of different types of living cover crops, such as legumes, grass, and their mixtures, on the soil nutrients and microbial communities. We conducted a field experiment in northeastern China using an Alfisol and intercropped cover crops with maize. During the growing season, we characterized microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and assessed microbial activity through enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Additionally, we employed the enzyme vector model to evaluate potential microbial metabolic limitations. Compared with the control plots without cover crops, the legume treatment significantly increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available nitrogen, particularly altering the microbial community structure during the maize growth stages. This change shifted the microbial functional group ratios towards enhanced C acquisition by soil microbes, indicating alleviated microbial C limitation in legume treatment. In contrast, the grass treatment maintained the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) levels, and increased the total microbial biomass at the later growth stage. Compared with those in the other treatments, the biomass of bacterial groups in the grass treatment was more responsive, and the activities of the C, N and P enzymes were higher. Furthermore, the mixture treatment merged the benefits of both the legume and grass cover crops, enhancing both DOC and available N contents and maintaining SOC and TN levels. The mixture treatment significantly affected the microbial community structure without altering microbial nutrient limitations. Thus, the mixture treatment is recommended for application in cover crop-maize intercropping systems. In conclusion, our study captured the temporal dynamic shifts in the microbial functional groups associated with different microbial life strategies from intercropping different types of living cover crops with maize. This research refines our understanding of the role of cover crops in supporting belowground ecosystems and highlights the importance of living mulch in sustainable agricultural management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Contrasting seasonal effects of legume and grass cover crops as living mulch on the soil microbial community and nutrient metabolic limitations\",\"authors\":\"Xin Sui , Xuelian Bao , Hongtu Xie , Xiaobo Ba , Yang Yu , Yali Yang , Hongbo He , Chao Liang , Xudong Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109374\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Cover crops are increasingly recognized for their role in enhancing the multifunctionality and health of soil. Previous studies have focused largely on the effects of cover crop residues and have overlooked the impacts of living cover crops on the soil biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by examining the effects of different types of living cover crops, such as legumes, grass, and their mixtures, on the soil nutrients and microbial communities. We conducted a field experiment in northeastern China using an Alfisol and intercropped cover crops with maize. During the growing season, we characterized microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and assessed microbial activity through enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Additionally, we employed the enzyme vector model to evaluate potential microbial metabolic limitations. Compared with the control plots without cover crops, the legume treatment significantly increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available nitrogen, particularly altering the microbial community structure during the maize growth stages. This change shifted the microbial functional group ratios towards enhanced C acquisition by soil microbes, indicating alleviated microbial C limitation in legume treatment. In contrast, the grass treatment maintained the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) levels, and increased the total microbial biomass at the later growth stage. Compared with those in the other treatments, the biomass of bacterial groups in the grass treatment was more responsive, and the activities of the C, N and P enzymes were higher. Furthermore, the mixture treatment merged the benefits of both the legume and grass cover crops, enhancing both DOC and available N contents and maintaining SOC and TN levels. The mixture treatment significantly affected the microbial community structure without altering microbial nutrient limitations. Thus, the mixture treatment is recommended for application in cover crop-maize intercropping systems. In conclusion, our study captured the temporal dynamic shifts in the microbial functional groups associated with different microbial life strategies from intercropping different types of living cover crops with maize. This research refines our understanding of the role of cover crops in supporting belowground ecosystems and highlights the importance of living mulch in sustainable agricultural management.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7512,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment\",\"volume\":\"380 \",\"pages\":\"Article 109374\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880924004924\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880924004924","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
人们越来越认识到覆盖作物在提高土壤多功能性和健康方面的作用。以往的研究主要关注覆盖作物残留物的影响,而忽略了有生命的覆盖作物对土壤生化过程和养分循环的影响。本研究旨在通过考察不同类型的活体覆盖作物(如豆科植物、禾本科植物及其混合物)对土壤养分和微生物群落的影响来弥补这一空白。我们在中国东北地区进行了一项田间试验,利用阿尔费索(Alfisol)土壤,将覆盖作物与玉米间作。在生长季节,我们利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析鉴定了微生物生物量和群落结构,并通过与碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)相关的酶活性评估了微生物活性。此外,我们还采用酶载体模型来评估潜在的微生物代谢限制。与未种植覆盖作物的对照地块相比,豆科植物处理显著增加了溶解有机碳(DOC)和可利用氮,尤其是改变了玉米生长阶段的微生物群落结构。这种变化使微生物功能群比例转向土壤微生物对碳的获取增强,表明豆科植物处理减轻了微生物对碳的限制。相比之下,禾本科处理在生长后期保持了土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)水平,并增加了微生物总生物量。与其他处理相比,草处理中细菌群的生物量反应更灵敏,C、N 和 P 酶的活性更高。此外,混合处理综合了豆科和禾本科覆盖作物的优点,既提高了 DOC 和可利用氮的含量,又保持了 SOC 和 TN 的水平。在不改变微生物营养限制的情况下,混合处理对微生物群落结构产生了重大影响。因此,建议在覆盖作物-玉米间作系统中应用混合处理。总之,我们的研究捕捉到了不同类型有生命的覆盖作物与玉米间作时与不同微生物生命策略相关的微生物功能群的时间动态变化。这项研究加深了我们对覆盖作物在支持地下生态系统中作用的理解,并强调了活体覆盖物在可持续农业管理中的重要性。
Contrasting seasonal effects of legume and grass cover crops as living mulch on the soil microbial community and nutrient metabolic limitations
Cover crops are increasingly recognized for their role in enhancing the multifunctionality and health of soil. Previous studies have focused largely on the effects of cover crop residues and have overlooked the impacts of living cover crops on the soil biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by examining the effects of different types of living cover crops, such as legumes, grass, and their mixtures, on the soil nutrients and microbial communities. We conducted a field experiment in northeastern China using an Alfisol and intercropped cover crops with maize. During the growing season, we characterized microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and assessed microbial activity through enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Additionally, we employed the enzyme vector model to evaluate potential microbial metabolic limitations. Compared with the control plots without cover crops, the legume treatment significantly increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available nitrogen, particularly altering the microbial community structure during the maize growth stages. This change shifted the microbial functional group ratios towards enhanced C acquisition by soil microbes, indicating alleviated microbial C limitation in legume treatment. In contrast, the grass treatment maintained the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) levels, and increased the total microbial biomass at the later growth stage. Compared with those in the other treatments, the biomass of bacterial groups in the grass treatment was more responsive, and the activities of the C, N and P enzymes were higher. Furthermore, the mixture treatment merged the benefits of both the legume and grass cover crops, enhancing both DOC and available N contents and maintaining SOC and TN levels. The mixture treatment significantly affected the microbial community structure without altering microbial nutrient limitations. Thus, the mixture treatment is recommended for application in cover crop-maize intercropping systems. In conclusion, our study captured the temporal dynamic shifts in the microbial functional groups associated with different microbial life strategies from intercropping different types of living cover crops with maize. This research refines our understanding of the role of cover crops in supporting belowground ecosystems and highlights the importance of living mulch in sustainable agricultural management.
期刊介绍:
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment publishes scientific articles dealing with the interface between agroecosystems and the natural environment, specifically how agriculture influences the environment and how changes in that environment impact agroecosystems. Preference is given to papers from experimental and observational research at the field, system or landscape level, from studies that enhance our understanding of processes using data-based biophysical modelling, and papers that bridge scientific disciplines and integrate knowledge. All papers should be placed in an international or wide comparative context.