Ahmed Essam , Bassem Elmishmishy , Enas Hammad , Salah Abu Elwafa , Ibrahim Abbas
{"title":"埃及鸡隐孢子虫卵囊的出现和分子特征,以及对全球鸡隐孢子虫感染的荟萃分析","authors":"Ahmed Essam , Bassem Elmishmishy , Enas Hammad , Salah Abu Elwafa , Ibrahim Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101169","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cryptosporidium</em> is a leading cause of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. Various animals and birds can also be infected with this protist, and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> zoonosis is common. A few reports have been published worldwide on <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infections in chickens. The present study surveyed <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infections in chickens from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts were tested, using the Ziehl Neelsen modified acid-fast staining, in 884 chickens collected from various farms and live bird markets (LBMs) in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. COWP (<em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocyst wall protein)-PCR testing coupled with isolate sequencing was conducted for 10 <em>Cryptosporidium</em>-positive samples. Intestinal contents of 58 (6.6 %) out of the surveyed chickens in Dakahlia, Egypt, had <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts. The native breed (Balady) had a significantly higher prevalence than the commercial breeds. Oocysts of two different size ranges were detected; 4–5.5 × 4–5 μm and 6–7 × 5–6 μm. Two of the ten PCR-tested samples were successfully sequenced and identified as <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em>. The present study conducted also the first meta-analysis describing the epidemiology, clinical disease, and species diversity of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infecting chickens worldwide. The pooled <em>Cryptosporidium</em> prevalence in 18,579 chickens tested worldwide was 18.3 %, with insignificant geographical variations. The prevalence was two-fold higher (40.5 %) at the flock level. Chickens collected from LBMs (30.5 %) had significantly higher pooled prevalence than farmed chickens (14.4 %). Insignificant prevalence variations were detected according to the production type (broiler or layer), diagnostic method, or disease status. Three <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species common to infect birds were molecularly identified in 760 chickens tested worldwide: <em>Cryptosporidium baileyi</em>, <em>Cryptosporidium meleagridis</em>, and <em>Cryptosporidium galli</em>, with the former being the most frequently detected. <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> was detected in a few samples mostly from free-range chickens. In conclusion, potential <em>C. parvum</em> zoonosis from chickens is suggested in Egypt, where <em>C. parvum</em> is common among humans and various animals. Given that chicken has a substantial role in the global <em>C. meleagridis</em> zoonoses, and no bird-specific <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. were detected in the tested samples from Egypt, we do recommend a large-scale molecular survey to detect various species and genotypes infecting chickens throughout various Egyptian governorates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in chickens from Egypt, and a meta-analysis for Cryptosporidium infections in chickens worldwide\",\"authors\":\"Ahmed Essam , Bassem Elmishmishy , Enas Hammad , Salah Abu Elwafa , Ibrahim Abbas\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101169\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div><em>Cryptosporidium</em> is a leading cause of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. Various animals and birds can also be infected with this protist, and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> zoonosis is common. A few reports have been published worldwide on <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infections in chickens. The present study surveyed <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infections in chickens from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts were tested, using the Ziehl Neelsen modified acid-fast staining, in 884 chickens collected from various farms and live bird markets (LBMs) in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. COWP (<em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocyst wall protein)-PCR testing coupled with isolate sequencing was conducted for 10 <em>Cryptosporidium</em>-positive samples. Intestinal contents of 58 (6.6 %) out of the surveyed chickens in Dakahlia, Egypt, had <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts. The native breed (Balady) had a significantly higher prevalence than the commercial breeds. Oocysts of two different size ranges were detected; 4–5.5 × 4–5 μm and 6–7 × 5–6 μm. Two of the ten PCR-tested samples were successfully sequenced and identified as <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em>. The present study conducted also the first meta-analysis describing the epidemiology, clinical disease, and species diversity of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infecting chickens worldwide. The pooled <em>Cryptosporidium</em> prevalence in 18,579 chickens tested worldwide was 18.3 %, with insignificant geographical variations. The prevalence was two-fold higher (40.5 %) at the flock level. Chickens collected from LBMs (30.5 %) had significantly higher pooled prevalence than farmed chickens (14.4 %). Insignificant prevalence variations were detected according to the production type (broiler or layer), diagnostic method, or disease status. Three <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species common to infect birds were molecularly identified in 760 chickens tested worldwide: <em>Cryptosporidium baileyi</em>, <em>Cryptosporidium meleagridis</em>, and <em>Cryptosporidium galli</em>, with the former being the most frequently detected. <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> was detected in a few samples mostly from free-range chickens. In conclusion, potential <em>C. parvum</em> zoonosis from chickens is suggested in Egypt, where <em>C. parvum</em> is common among humans and various animals. Given that chicken has a substantial role in the global <em>C. meleagridis</em> zoonoses, and no bird-specific <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. were detected in the tested samples from Egypt, we do recommend a large-scale molecular survey to detect various species and genotypes infecting chickens throughout various Egyptian governorates.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23600,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports\",\"volume\":\"57 \",\"pages\":\"Article 101169\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405939024002053\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PARASITOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405939024002053","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in chickens from Egypt, and a meta-analysis for Cryptosporidium infections in chickens worldwide
Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. Various animals and birds can also be infected with this protist, and Cryptosporidium zoonosis is common. A few reports have been published worldwide on Cryptosporidium infections in chickens. The present study surveyed Cryptosporidium infections in chickens from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Cryptosporidium oocysts were tested, using the Ziehl Neelsen modified acid-fast staining, in 884 chickens collected from various farms and live bird markets (LBMs) in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. COWP (Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein)-PCR testing coupled with isolate sequencing was conducted for 10 Cryptosporidium-positive samples. Intestinal contents of 58 (6.6 %) out of the surveyed chickens in Dakahlia, Egypt, had Cryptosporidium oocysts. The native breed (Balady) had a significantly higher prevalence than the commercial breeds. Oocysts of two different size ranges were detected; 4–5.5 × 4–5 μm and 6–7 × 5–6 μm. Two of the ten PCR-tested samples were successfully sequenced and identified as Cryptosporidium parvum. The present study conducted also the first meta-analysis describing the epidemiology, clinical disease, and species diversity of Cryptosporidium infecting chickens worldwide. The pooled Cryptosporidium prevalence in 18,579 chickens tested worldwide was 18.3 %, with insignificant geographical variations. The prevalence was two-fold higher (40.5 %) at the flock level. Chickens collected from LBMs (30.5 %) had significantly higher pooled prevalence than farmed chickens (14.4 %). Insignificant prevalence variations were detected according to the production type (broiler or layer), diagnostic method, or disease status. Three Cryptosporidium species common to infect birds were molecularly identified in 760 chickens tested worldwide: Cryptosporidium baileyi, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, and Cryptosporidium galli, with the former being the most frequently detected. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in a few samples mostly from free-range chickens. In conclusion, potential C. parvum zoonosis from chickens is suggested in Egypt, where C. parvum is common among humans and various animals. Given that chicken has a substantial role in the global C. meleagridis zoonoses, and no bird-specific Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in the tested samples from Egypt, we do recommend a large-scale molecular survey to detect various species and genotypes infecting chickens throughout various Egyptian governorates.
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).