2023 年极地气候状况

IF 6.4 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ming-Hu Ding , Xin Wang , Lin-Gen Bian , Zhi-Na Jiang , Xiang Lin , Zhi-Feng Qu , Jie Su , Sai Wang , Ting Wei , Xiao-Chun Zhai , Dong-Qi Zhang , Lei Zhang , Wen-Qian Zhang , Shou-Dong Zhao , Kong-Ju Zhu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2023 年已成为全球有记录以来最温暖的一年。由于南极和北极是全球变暖的敏感地区,这些地区2023年的气候变化受到广泛关注。在这项研究中,我们利用观测、再分析和遥感数据,详细报告了2023年极地气候的变化,包括变暖、海冰、大气成分和极端事件。南极呈现出巨大的东西区域差异,极端冷暖事件并存。在科茨地、毛德皇后地和南极半岛,分别有三个和七个站点录得历史上第二高和第三高的秋季气温。阿蒙森-斯科特站在 7 月经历了极端升温事件,气温在一天内上升了 40 ℃。罗斯海和邻近地区出现了明显的异常降温现象,这些地区主要是冬季(6 月至 8 月)寒冷异常,玛丽林站达到了历史上最低的冬季气温。北极地区经历了 1979 年后最温暖的夏季,年平均气温总体分布为 "陆地温暖-海洋寒冷"。与 1991-2020 年的平均值相比,加拿大北部和巴伦支海-卡拉海沿岸的年气温异常值达到 2 ℃ 以上。异常的夏季高温在加拿大造成了有记录以来最严重的野火,格陵兰冰原的日累计融化面积在 1979 年之后位居第二。极地海冰继续迅速减少,南极和北极的最小海冰面积分别为 1979 年后的第一和第六低。就融化季节而言,2023 年北冰洋海冰开始融化的时间晚于 2011-2023 年的平均值,由于夏秋气温较高,冰冻开始的时间也有所推迟。此外,极地大气温室气体状况依然暗淡,主要温室气体浓度继续增加。2023 年南极臭氧洞的形成时间比 1979-2023 年平均值提前了约 10 天,持续时间也更长,9 月 21 日的日最大面积为 2.6 × 107 平方公里。这份关于 2023 年极地气候变化的摘要将帮助人们更好地了解全球气候变化,并引起人们对极地地区的关注。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
State of polar climate in 2023
The year 2023 has become the warmest year on global record. As the Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive regions to global warming, the climate changes in 2023 in these regions have attracted widespread attention. In this study, using observations, reanalysis and remote sensing data, we reported detailed polar climate changes in 2023, including warming, sea ice, atmospheric composition and extreme events. Antarctic exhibited large east‒west regional differences and the coexistence of extreme warm and cold events. In Coats Land, Queen Maud Land and the Antarctic Peninsula, three and seven stations recorded the second and third highest autumn air temperatures in history, respectively. The Amundsen–Scott station experienced extreme warming event in July, with the temperature increasing by 40 °C in one day. Abnormal cooling was evident in the Ross Sea and neighboring regions which were predominantly winter (June–August) cold anomalies, with Marylin Station reaching the lowest winter temperature in history. The Arctic experienced the warmest summer after 1979, with an overall distribution of ‘warm land‒cold sea’ on annual average. Compared with the 1991–2020 average, the annual air temperature anomalies reached more than 2 °C in northern Canada and the Barents Sea–Kara Sea coast. Abnormal high summer temperature caused most severe wildfires in Canada on record and second largest daily cumulative melt area over the Greenland ice Sheet daily post-1979. Polar sea ice continued to decrease rapidly, with minimum sea ice extent in Antarctic and Arctic ranking the first and sixth lowest post-1979. For melt season, Arctic Ocean sea ice began to melt later in 2023 than the 2011–2023 average, and freeze onset was delayed due to high temperatures in summer and autumn. Additionally, the status of polar atmospheric greenhouse gases remains bleak, and major greenhouse gas concentrations continue to increase. The Antarctic ozone hole in 2023 formed approximately 10 d earlier and lasted longer than the 1979–2023 average, with a maximum daily area of 2.6 × 107 km2 on 21 September. This summary of polar climate changes in 2023 will help people better understand global climate change and draw attention to polar regions.
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来源期刊
Advances in Climate Change Research
Advances in Climate Change Research Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
4.10%
发文量
424
审稿时长
107 days
期刊介绍: Advances in Climate Change Research publishes scientific research and analyses on climate change and the interactions of climate change with society. This journal encompasses basic science and economic, social, and policy research, including studies on mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Advances in Climate Change Research attempts to promote research in climate change and provide an impetus for the application of research achievements in numerous aspects, such as socioeconomic sustainable development, responses to the adaptation and mitigation of climate change, diplomatic negotiations of climate and environment policies, and the protection and exploitation of natural resources.
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