β2_adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms p.Gly16Arg and p. Glu27Gln in Sudanese patients with bronchial asthma: A case-control study

Background

Several reports have indicated the involvement of β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) polymorphisms rs1042713 p.Gly16Arg and rs1042714 p.Glu27Gln in susceptibility to bronchial asthma and its clinical severity. This study investigated the genotype frequencies of these two polymorphisms in Sudanese patients with bronchial asthma, compared them to a healthy control group, and correlated the genotypes with the clinical severity of asthma.

Methods

A case-control study, matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) was conducted at Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, between January and April 2022. The study included fifty subjects in each arm: adults with bronchial asthma were cases and healthy individuals were controls. Genotyping for rs1042713 p.Gly16Arg and rs1042714 p.Glu27Gln was determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated using asthma as a dependent factor and variables like ADRB2 gene polymorphisms, age, BMI, and sex as independent factor.

Results

The genotype GG (Gly16Gly) in the ADRB2 rs1042713 p.Gly16Arg was more prevalent in cases compared to controls (28 % vs. 10 %) and showed a significant risk effect for bronchial asthma [aOR = 3.81, 95 % CI (1.23–11.80); p = 0.020]. The allele G is more frequent in cases than controls, however it was not statistically significant [OR = 1.27, 95 % CI (0.72–2.22); p = 0.394]. For ADRB2 rs1042714 p.Glu27Gln, none of the genotypes or alleles showed any significant association with bronchial asthma. Additionally, none of the genotypes in the two gene polymorphisms were associated with the clinical severity of asthma.

Conclusion

In this study, the ADRB2 rs1042713 p.Gly16Arg gene polymorphism showed a significant risk effect for bronchial asthma, while no association was observed with ADRB2 rs1042714 p.Glu27Gln, further study is needed.