冰藻是巴伦支海浮游动物群落的补充食物而非主要能量来源

IF 3.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
Doreen Kohlbach , Haakon Hop , Anette Wold , Katrin Schmidt , Lukas Smik , Simon T. Belt , Matthias Woll , Martin Graeve , Lucie Goraguer , Øyvind Foss , Philipp Assmy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于全球变暖,巴伦支海成为环境变化的热点地区。这些变化全年都会影响海洋生态系统的结构和功能,因此,了解整个季节周期内从初级生产者(即冰藻(水层藻类)和浮游植物(水层藻类))到消费者之间的营养关系和能量流非常重要。通过使用不同的脂质成分作为营养标记,我们提供了巴伦支海栖息的五种最丰富、生态上最重要的浮游动物类群(桡足类、磷虾、两足类、翼足类和链足类)的碳和食物源组成的季节性覆盖范围。根据藻类产生的脂肪酸(FA)标记物的组成,浮游动物物种的碳源组成反映了一年中不同时期食物资源产量和可用性的变化。例如,双鞭毛藻/藻囊菌脂肪酸标记物 18:4(n-3)的相对比例在夏季在 Calanus 桡足类、片脚类动物 Themisto abyssorum 和链足类 Pseudosagitta maxima 中达到峰值,此时浮游植物中该脂肪酸的产量达到最高浓度。肉食性脂肪酸的组成(桡足类动物相关脂肪酸的相对贡献率,比率为 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7))和动物甾醇与植物甾醇的比率表明,大多数食草动物在极夜和春季更多地依赖异养生物猎物,而在夏季则更多地以藻类为食。根据特定来源的高支链异戊烯类化合物(HBIs),共生碳对浮游动物群落的营养贡献一般较小,尤其是在冬季和春季,因为此时动物体内几乎检测不到共生HBIs。相反,在夏季和秋季,磷虾、片脚类动物和翼足类动物 Clione limacina 中都检测到了交相碳氢化合物代谢物。磷虾 Meganyctiphanes norvegica 是春季唯一同时含有交水层和浮游层 HBI 的物种,在其 HBI 组成方面具有独特性。我们的研究结果表明,巴伦支海浮游动物群落主要以浮游碳为基础,而共栖碳只是补充特定物种的食物,主要是在下半年。对海冰藻类的这种相对较低的营养依赖性可能表明,这种食物网对持续的海冰衰退有很强的适应能力,因为海冰衰退会导致交水层和浮游层碳和食物来源的时间和可用性发生变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ice algae as supplementary food rather than major energy source for the Barents sea zooplankton community
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to global warming. These changes impact the structure and functioning of the marine ecosystem year-round, and it is therefore important to gain knowledge on trophic relationships and the energy flow from primary producers, i.e., ice algae (sympagic algae) and phytoplankton (pelagic algae) to consumers over the entire seasonal cycle. By using different lipid components as trophic markers, we provide seasonal coverage of the carbon and food-source composition of five of the most abundant and ecologically important zooplankton taxa inhabiting the Barents Sea: copepods, krill, amphipods, pteropods and chaetognaths. Based on the composition of algal-produced fatty acid (FA) markers, carbon-source composition of the zooplankton species reflected changes in the production and availability of food resources during different periods of the year. For example, relative proportions of the dinoflagellate/Phaeocystis FA marker 18:4(n-3) peaked during summer in Calanus copepods, the amphipod Themisto abyssorum and the chaetognath Pseudosagitta maxima, when the production of this FA reached maximum concentrations in phytoplankton. The composition of carnivory FAs (relative contribution of copepod-associated FAs, ratio 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7)) and the ratio of zoo- to phytosterols indicated that most grazers relied more on heterotrophic prey during polar night and spring while switching to a more algae-based diet during the summer. Based on source-specific highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs), sympagic carbon had generally a minor contribution to the nutrition of the zooplankton community, particularly during winter and spring when sympagic HBIs were virtually undetected in the animals. In contrast, sympagic HBI metabolites were detected in krill, amphipods and the pteropod Clione limacina during summer and autumn. The krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica was unique in terms of its HBI composition as the only species containing both sympagic and pelagic HBIs during spring. Our results indicate that the Barents Sea zooplankton community is largely based on pelagic carbon, while sympagic carbon is only supplementing species-specific diets, mostly during the second half of the year. This relatively low trophic dependency on sea-ice algae might be an indication of the resilience of this food web towards ongoing sea-ice decline that causes changes to the timing and availability of sympagic and pelagic carbon and food sources.
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来源期刊
Progress in Oceanography
Progress in Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Oceanography publishes the longer, more comprehensive papers that most oceanographers feel are necessary, on occasion, to do justice to their work. Contributions are generally either a review of an aspect of oceanography or a treatise on an expanding oceanographic subject. The articles cover the entire spectrum of disciplines within the science of oceanography. Occasionally volumes are devoted to collections of papers and conference proceedings of exceptional interest. Essential reading for all oceanographers.
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