Exploring Framework Nucleic Acids: A Perspective on Their Cellular Applications

Cells are fundamental units of life. The coordination of cellular functions and behaviors relies on a cascade of molecular networks. Technologies that enable exploration and manipulation of specific molecular events in living cells with high spatiotemporal precision would be critical for pathological study, disease diagnosis, and treatment. Framework nucleic acids (FNAs) represent a novel class of nucleic acid materials characterized by their monodisperse and rigid nanostructure. Leveraging their exceptional programmability, convenient modification property, and predictable atomic-level architecture, FNAs have attracted significant attention in diverse cellular applications such as cell recognition, imaging, manipulation, and therapeutic interventions. In this perspective, we will discuss the utilization of FNAs in living cell systems while critically assessing the opportunities and challenges presented in this burgeoning field.