Nazish Badar, Muhammad Salman, Nadia Nisar, Hamza Ahmed Mirza, Abdul Ahad, Faisal Ahmad, Bisma Daud
{"title":"解读 2008-2024 年巴基斯坦流感哨点监测：COVID-19 大流行前后的流行病学见解。","authors":"Nazish Badar, Muhammad Salman, Nadia Nisar, Hamza Ahmed Mirza, Abdul Ahad, Faisal Ahmad, Bisma Daud","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102595","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus pandemic has substantially influenced the transmission pattern of other respiratory viruses. However, screening and detecting other respiratory pathogens was unheeded during this time to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. High virulence and re assortment factors intensify the importance of influenza virus surveillance for effective disease management. Therefore, the present surveillance study was designed to determine the influenza positivity rate from 2008-24. This study will provide integral support in depicting a panoramic representation of two respiratory-pandemic periods, 2010-11 and 2019-2021, for influenza and COVID-19 pandemics, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An inferential cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2024 by collecting influenza surveillance data from twelve sentinel sites in Pakistan. Clinical and demographic data was recorded at sample collection time. Specimens were collected through nasopharyngeal/throat swabs and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) at the sentinel site laboratory at 2-4 °C. Viral RNA was isolated from the samples using KingFisher TM Flex Purification System and MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 16 years, 78118 samples were tested for influenza, of which 7999 (10.2 %) appeared positive. The positivity rate appeared very low in recent years, with only a 3.5 % positivity rate observed in 2020. Influenza A strain H1N1pdm09 seemed to be the prominent strain (n = 3407, 42.6 %), followed by influenza B (n = 2125, 26.6 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The positivity of influenza samples was 10.2 % and recorded in patients where typical clinical representation of influenza was absent. Fewer samples were reported during the coronavirus pandemic, which might be because influenza screening was hindered and overlooked to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the patient threshold was very high for COVID-19 virus screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 12","pages":"102595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Unraveling influenza sentinel surveillance in Pakistan 2008-2024: Epidemiological insights during the pre and post pandemic period of COVID-19.\",\"authors\":\"Nazish Badar, Muhammad Salman, Nadia Nisar, Hamza Ahmed Mirza, Abdul Ahad, Faisal Ahmad, Bisma Daud\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102595\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus pandemic has substantially influenced the transmission pattern of other respiratory viruses. However, screening and detecting other respiratory pathogens was unheeded during this time to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. High virulence and re assortment factors intensify the importance of influenza virus surveillance for effective disease management. Therefore, the present surveillance study was designed to determine the influenza positivity rate from 2008-24. This study will provide integral support in depicting a panoramic representation of two respiratory-pandemic periods, 2010-11 and 2019-2021, for influenza and COVID-19 pandemics, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An inferential cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2024 by collecting influenza surveillance data from twelve sentinel sites in Pakistan. Clinical and demographic data was recorded at sample collection time. Specimens were collected through nasopharyngeal/throat swabs and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) at the sentinel site laboratory at 2-4 °C. Viral RNA was isolated from the samples using KingFisher TM Flex Purification System and MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 16 years, 78118 samples were tested for influenza, of which 7999 (10.2 %) appeared positive. The positivity rate appeared very low in recent years, with only a 3.5 % positivity rate observed in 2020. Influenza A strain H1N1pdm09 seemed to be the prominent strain (n = 3407, 42.6 %), followed by influenza B (n = 2125, 26.6 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The positivity of influenza samples was 10.2 % and recorded in patients where typical clinical representation of influenza was absent. Fewer samples were reported during the coronavirus pandemic, which might be because influenza screening was hindered and overlooked to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the patient threshold was very high for COVID-19 virus screening.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16087,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Infection and Public Health\",\"volume\":\"17 12\",\"pages\":\"102595\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Infection and Public Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102595\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102595","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Unraveling influenza sentinel surveillance in Pakistan 2008-2024: Epidemiological insights during the pre and post pandemic period of COVID-19.
Background: The coronavirus pandemic has substantially influenced the transmission pattern of other respiratory viruses. However, screening and detecting other respiratory pathogens was unheeded during this time to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. High virulence and re assortment factors intensify the importance of influenza virus surveillance for effective disease management. Therefore, the present surveillance study was designed to determine the influenza positivity rate from 2008-24. This study will provide integral support in depicting a panoramic representation of two respiratory-pandemic periods, 2010-11 and 2019-2021, for influenza and COVID-19 pandemics, respectively.
Methods: An inferential cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2024 by collecting influenza surveillance data from twelve sentinel sites in Pakistan. Clinical and demographic data was recorded at sample collection time. Specimens were collected through nasopharyngeal/throat swabs and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) at the sentinel site laboratory at 2-4 °C. Viral RNA was isolated from the samples using KingFisher TM Flex Purification System and MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit.
Results: Within 16 years, 78118 samples were tested for influenza, of which 7999 (10.2 %) appeared positive. The positivity rate appeared very low in recent years, with only a 3.5 % positivity rate observed in 2020. Influenza A strain H1N1pdm09 seemed to be the prominent strain (n = 3407, 42.6 %), followed by influenza B (n = 2125, 26.6 %).
Conclusion: The positivity of influenza samples was 10.2 % and recorded in patients where typical clinical representation of influenza was absent. Fewer samples were reported during the coronavirus pandemic, which might be because influenza screening was hindered and overlooked to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the patient threshold was very high for COVID-19 virus screening.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other.
The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners.
It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.
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