Polymeric Coatings for Preventing Hydrogen Embrittlement in Industrial Storage and Transmission Systems

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) has been identified as a critical problem that impedes the safe, efficient, and economical storage and transportation of hydrogen. Here, we introduce the topic and alleviation of HE specifically for pipelines and storage containers, while placing emphasis on technological advancements in H₂ barrier coatings via polymer nanocomposite (PNC) technology. PNCs prepared as an emerging coating are investigated for the mitigation of HE in steels to enable safe hydrogen transmission via pipeline. This technology aims to address the shortcomings of pure polymer films in industry by incorporating the exceptional gas barrier properties and mechanical strength of nanofillers to enhance the polymer performance. Introducing high aspect ratio fillers such as nanoclays or graphene creates a layered brick-like structure reducing free volume and increasing tortuosity. The resulting composite will have the desirable adhesion, scalability, and versatility of polymeric materials while also showcasing the increased tensile strength and impermeability provided by the nanofiller. Provided herein is an evaluation of material suitability for both polymers and fillers including PNC structures, synthesis, processing requirements, and outlook on subsequent research directions.