Gülizar Saritas, Nina Mørup, Trine H Johannsen, Anders Juul, Lise Aksglaede, Sofia B Winge, Kristian Almstrup
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It is, however, less well-described how various specific testicular histopathologies are linked to reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the detailed relationship between specific testicular histopathologies and the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Descriptive histological patterns on testicular biopsies from 4245 patients referred for andrological workup in our clinic between 1990 and 2022 were grouped according to a published histological coding system: (1) complete spermatogenesis (completeSPG, n = 3171), (2) reduced spermatogenesis (reducedSPG, n = 657), (3) heterogeneous (hetArrest, n = 226), and (4) homogeneous (homArrest, n = 191) spermatogenic arrest at the spermatocyte or spermatid stage. As a proxy for the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, immunohistochemical staining for MAGE-A4, PIWIL1, and TNP1 were quantified on a representative set of biopsies (n = 100). Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, SHBG, and inhibin B (n = 1813) and semen parameters (n = 833) were available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the completeSPG group, the number of spermatogonia was only reduced in the hetArrest group, while the number of spermatocytes and spermatids were lower in all groups. All groups had significantly higher FSH and LH and lower T, free T, and inhibin B concentrations when compared with the completeSPG group, except for the homArrest group, where inhibin B was unaffected. The hetArrest group had the lowest number of germ cells, the most pronounced change in reproductive hormones, and the lowest sperm counts. We found a strong correlation between the number of germ cells present and the corresponding serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, and inhibin B.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>A histopathological pattern of heterogeneous spermatogenic arrest is associated with a more severe phenotype than a pattern of homogeneous arrest, and the group with reduced spermatogenesis showed the mildest phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Testicular histopathology and its association with germ cell numbers, serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, and semen quality.\",\"authors\":\"Gülizar Saritas, Nina Mørup, Trine H Johannsen, Anders Juul, Lise Aksglaede, Sofia B Winge, Kristian Almstrup\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/andr.13803\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is well-established that spermatogenesis, semen quality, and reproductive hormones are interlinked. It is, however, less well-described how various specific testicular histopathologies are linked to reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the detailed relationship between specific testicular histopathologies and the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Descriptive histological patterns on testicular biopsies from 4245 patients referred for andrological workup in our clinic between 1990 and 2022 were grouped according to a published histological coding system: (1) complete spermatogenesis (completeSPG, n = 3171), (2) reduced spermatogenesis (reducedSPG, n = 657), (3) heterogeneous (hetArrest, n = 226), and (4) homogeneous (homArrest, n = 191) spermatogenic arrest at the spermatocyte or spermatid stage. As a proxy for the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, immunohistochemical staining for MAGE-A4, PIWIL1, and TNP1 were quantified on a representative set of biopsies (n = 100). Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, SHBG, and inhibin B (n = 1813) and semen parameters (n = 833) were available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the completeSPG group, the number of spermatogonia was only reduced in the hetArrest group, while the number of spermatocytes and spermatids were lower in all groups. All groups had significantly higher FSH and LH and lower T, free T, and inhibin B concentrations when compared with the completeSPG group, except for the homArrest group, where inhibin B was unaffected. The hetArrest group had the lowest number of germ cells, the most pronounced change in reproductive hormones, and the lowest sperm counts. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:精子发生、精液质量和生殖激素之间的相互联系已得到公认。然而,对各种特定的睾丸组织病理学与生殖激素和精液质量之间的关系却描述得不那么清楚:描述特定睾丸组织病理学与血清中生殖激素浓度和精液质量之间的详细关系:根据已公布的组织学编码系统,对1990年至2022年间本诊所转诊的4245名睾丸活检患者的睾丸组织学描述性模式进行分组:(1)完全生精(completeSPG,n=3171);(2)减弱生精(reducedSPG,n=657);(3)异质性(hetArrest,n=226);(4)同质性(homArrest,n=191)生精停滞在精母细胞或精子阶段。作为精原细胞、精母细胞和精子数量的代表,对一组具有代表性的活检样本(n = 100)的 MAGE-A4、PIWIL1 和 TNP1 免疫组化染色进行了量化。研究人员还获得了血清中 FSH、LH、T、SHBG 和抑制素 B 的浓度(n = 1813)和精液参数(n = 833):结果:与完全SPG组相比,只有hetArrest组的精原细胞数量减少,而所有组的精母细胞和精子数量都较低。与完全SPG组相比,所有组的FSH和LH浓度都明显升高,T、游离T和抑制素B浓度都明显降低,只有homArrest组不受影响。hetArrest组的生殖细胞数量最少,生殖激素变化最明显,精子数量也最少。我们发现,生殖细胞的数量与相应的 FSH、LH、T 和抑制素 B 的血清浓度之间存在很强的相关性:讨论与结论:组织病理学上的异质性生精停滞模式与同质性生精停滞模式相比,表型更为严重,而精子生成减少组的表型最轻。
Testicular histopathology and its association with germ cell numbers, serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, and semen quality.
Background: It is well-established that spermatogenesis, semen quality, and reproductive hormones are interlinked. It is, however, less well-described how various specific testicular histopathologies are linked to reproductive hormones and semen quality.
Objectives: To describe the detailed relationship between specific testicular histopathologies and the serum concentrations of reproductive hormones and semen quality.
Materials and methods: Descriptive histological patterns on testicular biopsies from 4245 patients referred for andrological workup in our clinic between 1990 and 2022 were grouped according to a published histological coding system: (1) complete spermatogenesis (completeSPG, n = 3171), (2) reduced spermatogenesis (reducedSPG, n = 657), (3) heterogeneous (hetArrest, n = 226), and (4) homogeneous (homArrest, n = 191) spermatogenic arrest at the spermatocyte or spermatid stage. As a proxy for the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, immunohistochemical staining for MAGE-A4, PIWIL1, and TNP1 were quantified on a representative set of biopsies (n = 100). Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, SHBG, and inhibin B (n = 1813) and semen parameters (n = 833) were available.
Results: Compared with the completeSPG group, the number of spermatogonia was only reduced in the hetArrest group, while the number of spermatocytes and spermatids were lower in all groups. All groups had significantly higher FSH and LH and lower T, free T, and inhibin B concentrations when compared with the completeSPG group, except for the homArrest group, where inhibin B was unaffected. The hetArrest group had the lowest number of germ cells, the most pronounced change in reproductive hormones, and the lowest sperm counts. We found a strong correlation between the number of germ cells present and the corresponding serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T, and inhibin B.
Discussion and conclusions: A histopathological pattern of heterogeneous spermatogenic arrest is associated with a more severe phenotype than a pattern of homogeneous arrest, and the group with reduced spermatogenesis showed the mildest phenotype.
期刊介绍:
Andrology is the study of the male reproductive system and other male gender related health issues. Andrology deals with basic and clinical aspects of the male reproductive system (gonads, endocrine and accessory organs) in all species, including the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems associated with sexual development, infertility, sexual dysfunction, sex hormone action and other urological problems. In medicine, Andrology as a specialty is a recent development, as it had previously been considered a subspecialty of urology or endocrinology