Lung Ultrasound Findings in Children With Asthma Exacerbations.

Objective: We sought to assess whether the presence and extent of lung ultrasound (LUS) findings were associated with asthma exacerbation severity in children.

Methods: We enrolled a convenience sample of patients aged 5-18 years presenting with acute asthma exacerbation to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department. Severity of an asthma exacerbation (mild, moderate, severe) was assessed within 1 hour of the LUS using the Hospital Asthma Severity Score, a validated asthma assessment tool. LUS was performed by trained pediatric emergency providers. The presence of LUS findings (B-lines, consolidations, pleural effusion, and pleural line abnormalities) was assessed using a standardized criterion based on consensus guidelines.

Results: A total of 111 patients with a median age of 8 years (interquartile range 6-12) were enrolled. LUS was positive in 57% of patients. Pleural line abnormalities were observed in 34%, B-lines in 29%, consolidations <1 cm in 24%, and consolidations ≥1 cm in 7%. Patients with moderate and severe asthma exacerbations were more likely to have any B-lines (31% and 43%, respectively) than patients with mild exacerbations (12%; P = .021); however, the presence of ≥3 B-lines or confluent B-lines did not differ across severity groups. The presence of other findings did not differ based on asthma severity.

Conclusions: LUS findings are observed in a substantial portion of children presenting with asthma exacerbations. B-lines were the only LUS finding significantly associated with asthma severity, while lung consolidations <1 cm and >1 cm were not correlated with severity. These findings provide valuable information for the diagnostic use of LUS in pediatric patients with asthma exacerbation.