Pathogenesis and Key Cells in Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with prevalence rates as high as 50% in high-income countries. Patients with AR often have symptoms such as runny nose, itchy nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, and signs of edema and pallor of the nasal mucosa, and these pathologies have a major impact on the patient's learning, sleep, and quality of life, often resulting in significant pain and a huge economic burden for the patient.

Summary: Among the current treatments for AR, immunotherapy is able to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. This shows the importance of immune cells in AR. However, current therapies do not provide a complete cure for AR. The reason for this is that current research on AR focuses on the mechanism of Th1 and Th2 immune cells in AR, ignoring the role of other key cells in AR.

Key messages: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, B cells, T cells, and macrophages can play a role in the pathogenesis of AR by producing appropriate cytokines and mediating the inflammatory response. M2 macrophages can promote Th2 cells and eosinophils in AR to enhance the type 2 inflammatory response and further promote AR.