The Antimanic Effect of Endoxifen in Patients with Bipolar Disorder with Renal Comorbidities: Case Series.

The conventional and standard pharmacological approaches in the management of bipolar disorders include mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics. However, renal problems owing to the gold standard mood stabilizer, lithium, is three times that of the general population. As bipolar I disorder (BPD I) is associated with overactive protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling, a novel approach in the management of acute mania/mixed affective states of bipolar disorder includes the use of PKC inhibitors, such as Tamoxifen and its derivative metabolite molecule, Endoxifen. Our objective is to report two cases of bipolar disorder that presented in acute manic episodes, with preexisting renal disease, and safe use of Endoxifen as an adjunct/monotherapy for rapid control of symptoms. According to our study, Endoxifen can be used as an anti-manic agent, either as monotherapy or as an adjunct, in patients with renal disease. It can also be used as an effective cover therapy for bipolar disorder patients requiring steroids for the treatment of renal pathology, though long-term studies are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy.