Physiological and oxidative status of soybean seedlings exposed to short term treatment with polystyrene nanoparticles.

Plastic is widely used worldwide due to its durability and relatively low production costs. However, its durability also has significant drawbacks - plastic is a slowly degrading material and greatly contributes to the environmental pollution. Increasing body of evidence shows that contamination of the environment with plastic negatively affects plants and other living organisms. The aim of present research was to determine whether short-term exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNP) has toxic effect on soybean seedlings (Glycine max L). In the first stage of the research, the effect of two hour long incubation in PSNP solutions (10 and 100 mgl^-1) on the germination of soybean seeds was determined. In the second part of the study, the potential cytotoxic effect of PSNP on young seedlings was measured. The results indicate that incubation in PSNP solutions inhibits the germination of soybean seeds by approx. 10% (at p = 0.05). However, this effect was only observed after 48 and 72 h of germination and by lower PSNP concentrations, 10 mgl^-1. In turn, in young soybean seedlings exposure to PSNP had no effect on growth, cell viability or oxidative status by p = 0.05. The results indicate that germination is a PSNP-sensitive process. In turn, already germinated seedlings are relatively resistant to the short-term exposure to this stressor.