一种新的大型单翼翼龙揭示了翼手目翼龙的进化过渡。

IF 8.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.023
David William Elliott Hone, Adam Fitch, Stefan Selzer, René Lauer, Bruce Lauer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一个多世纪以来,我们对中生代会飞的爬行动物翼龙演化的认识一直存在着巨大的差距,早期翼龙与衍生的翼龙之间存在着巨大的形态差距1 。最近的发现发现了一组中间形态的翼龙,它们具有翼龙的头和颈部,但却具有早期翼龙的身体2 ,然而这仍然使这些中间形态的翼龙与更早和更衍生的翼龙之间存在着根本性的差距。在这里,我们描述了一种新的大型侏罗纪翼龙--Skiphosoura bavarica gen. et sp.新的系统发育显示,从早期翼龙到最早的翼手龙,其关键特征普遍发生了变化:头部越来越大,颈部和翼掌骨越来越长,支撑后翼膜的第五趾发生了改变,尾部长度和复杂性逐渐减少。这也清楚地表明,翼龙的陆生能力在不断增强。此外,这还缩小了中间体与它们的祖先和后代之间的差距,并牢牢地将鼠龙类和栉龙类分别标记为最接近这一过渡形态演替的最早和最晚的类群。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A new and large monofenestratan reveals the evolutionary transition to the pterodactyloid pterosaurs.

For over a century, there was a major gap in our understanding of the evolution of the flying Mesozoic reptiles, the pterosaurs, with a major morphological gap between the early forms and the derived pterodactyloids.1 Recent discoveries have found a cluster of intermediate forms that have the head and neck of the pterodactyloids but the body of the early grade,2 yet this still leaves fundamental gaps between these intermediates and both earlier and more derived pterosaurs. Here, we describe a new and large Jurassic pterosaur, Skiphosoura bavarica gen. et sp. nov., preserved in three dimensions, that helps bridge the gap between current intermediate pterosaurs and the pterodactyloids. A new phylogeny shows that there is a general progression of key characteristics of increasing head size, increasing length of neck and wing metacarpal, modification to the fifth toe that supports the rear wing membrane, and gradual reduction in tail length and complexity from earlier pterosaurs into the first pterodactyloids. This also shows a clear evolution of the increasing terrestrial competence of derived pterosaurs. Furthermore, this closes gaps between the intermediates and their ancestors and descendants, and it firmly marks the rhamphorhynchines and ctenochasmatid clades as, respectively, being the closest earliest and latest groups to this succession of transitional forms.

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来源期刊
Current Biology
Current Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
2.20%
发文量
869
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Current Biology is a comprehensive journal that showcases original research in various disciplines of biology. It provides a platform for scientists to disseminate their groundbreaking findings and promotes interdisciplinary communication. The journal publishes articles of general interest, encompassing diverse fields of biology. Moreover, it offers accessible editorial pieces that are specifically designed to enlighten non-specialist readers.
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