Yanchun Lin, Christopher W Farnsworth, Vahid Azimi, David B Liss, Michael E Mullins, Bridgit O Crews
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Xylazine Pharmacokinetics in Patients Testing Positive for Fentanyl and Xylazine.
Background: The increasing prevalence of xylazine in the illicit drug supply is a growing concern for major health consequences in individuals who use fentanyl mixed with xylazine, but limited data are available regarding the pharmacokinetics of xylazine in humans.
Methods: Xylazine was quantified in serial remnant plasmas collected from 28 patients starting at the initial patient encounter and continuing for up to 52 h from presentation, using LC-MS/MS to calculate the terminal half-life for xylazine. Xylazine metabolites were identified by product ion scanning, and multiple reaction monitoring was used to estimate the relative abundance of xylazine metabolites in 74 collected plasma samples.
Results: The median terminal half-life for xylazine was calculated to be 12.0 h (range: 5.9-20.8). Oxo-xylazine and sulfone-xylazine metabolites were detected in all plasma specimens that contained xylazine.
Conclusions: The half-life of xylazine in humans is longer than previously observed in animal studies, which furthers the current understanding of the expected duration of effects in individuals who use fentanyl mixed with xylazine and the window of detection. Both oxo-xylazine and sulfone-xylazine appear to circulate in plasma for as long as xylazine.
期刊介绍：
Clinical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is the premier publication for the science and practice of clinical laboratory medicine. It was established in 1955 and is associated with the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM).
The journal focuses on laboratory diagnosis and management of patients, and has expanded to include other clinical laboratory disciplines such as genomics, hematology, microbiology, and toxicology. It also publishes articles relevant to clinical specialties including cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, maternal-fetal medicine, neurology, nutrition, oncology, and pediatrics.
In addition to original research, editorials, and reviews, Clinical Chemistry features recurring sections such as clinical case studies, perspectives, podcasts, and Q&A articles. It has the highest impact factor among journals of clinical chemistry, laboratory medicine, pathology, analytical chemistry, transfusion medicine, and clinical microbiology.
The journal is indexed in databases such as MEDLINE and Web of Science.
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