Investigation of soil resistivity impacts on the electrodes of grounding system subjected to lightning strikes

In this paper, the study of the homogeneous resistivity and two-layer soil influences on the performance of the electrodes of grounding systems subjected to lightning strikes is carried out considering soil ionization. The study is done on the behaviour of the ground electrodes while the resistivity of the soil is altered from small to high value in the case of homogeneous soil, while the study is obtained on two-layer soils in the case of diverse values of the reflection factor. In the suggested algorithm for two-layer soils, each layer has its resistivity and dielectric constant, where the dielectric constant and soil resistivity depend on the lightning frequency. The field resulting from lightning strikes, which causes soil ionization, has been studied, and the results have been used to understand the behaviour of ground rods under the influence of lightning strikes. The credibility of the results has been strengthened by comparing it with what others have obtained recently. The article's novelty can be summarized in the investigation of the performance of the electrodes of grounding grids that are installed in high soil resistivity of uniform and two-layer soils containing the impacts of soil ionization, lightning frequency, soil resistivity, and permittivity variations.