Dowel bearing behavior of bamboo scrimber under different load-to-face grain angle

The dowel bearing capacity is a fundamental metric for assessing the performance of bolted connections. In this research, we examined the dowel bearing strength of bamboo scrimber across various load-to-face grain angles. Seven groups of specimens, each comprising 10 units, were subjected to testing. Yield strength was determined using the ASTM-D5764 5%D offset method, revealing a pattern where strength initially decreases with increasing grain angle, reaching a nadir at 60°, before rising again. This indicates that grain angle significantly affects both strength and stiffness. Analyzing the failure modes, load–displacement curves, and key mechanical properties of the specimens, comparing the dowel bearing strength trends across grain angles in different bamboo and wood materials. Discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results were also evaluated. Based on these findings, we proposed a calculation formula for dowel bearing strength at various grain angles, tailored to bamboo scrimber.