Doped and functionalized non-Ti-MXenes for flexible and wearable electronic devices

The unique physicochemical properties of non-Ti-MXenes have attracted prominent attention in various fields. Doping/substitution and surface modification of non-Ti-MXenes have also started gaining interest because of their enhanced efficiency and targeted application. Recently, the flexibility of non-Ti-MXenes has started becoming popular in wearable electronics. The state-of-the-art research progress on non-Ti-MXenes and their doped/substituted or surface-modified counterparts is systematically reviewed in this article as well as their flexibility and recent utilization in wearable and portable electronic devices. Theoretical and experimental research on the synthesis strategies, unique properties, and electrochemical efficiency of the 10 most studied non-Ti-MXenes has been discussed in this review. Also, doping/substitution and surface functionalization of non-Ti-MXenes have been reviewed in terms of their characteristics, synthesis techniques, and benefits. The introduction of flexibility using different techniques and their recent utilization in various flexible and wearable electronic devices have also been systematically reviewed. Moreover, the challenges and outlook of this area are also highlighted for future opportunities. The novelty of this article lies in its addressing the less-investigated category of MXenes, that is, non-Ti-MXenes. This is the first review covering doping and surface modification of non-Ti-MXenes for implementation in flexible and wearable electronics.