结构主义者的风格指南

Noûs Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.1111/nous.12537
Lucy Carr
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本体结构主义者声称,不存在单独的对象,现实应被视为 "关系网"。然而,由于语言通常通过描述存在于世界中的对象来描述世界的特征,因此很难精确地描述这一形而上学图景。本文提出了解决这一问题的方法;我认为,如果用阿尔弗雷德-塔尔斯基(Alfred Tarski)提出的代数逻辑--"关系微积分"(calculations of relations)的语言来重新表述话语,就可以在不预设对象存在的情况下对其进行解释。关系微积分语言的独特之处在于,它不包含任何类似于量词的运算符,但却可以用来解析一阶逻辑中可表达的任何句子。由于使用一阶量词(或类似的运算符)通常是建立对对象本体论的承诺,而关系微积分摒弃了量词,转而使用了一个可以被赋予与结构主义形而上学一致的自然解释的组合运算符,因此微积分是结构主义者用来描述世界的理想语言。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A style guide for the structuralist
Ontic structuralists claim that there are no individual objects, and that reality should instead be thought of as a “web of relations”. It is difficult to make this metaphysical picture precise, however, since languages usually characterize the world by describing the objects that exist in it. This paper proposes a solution to the problem; I argue that when discourse is reformulated in the language of the calculus of relations ‐ an algebraic logic developed by Alfred Tarski ‐ it can be interpreted without presupposing the existence of objects. What is distinctive about the language of the calculus is that it contains no operator that resembles a quantifier, and yet it can be used to paraphrase any sentence expressible in first‐order logic. Since the use of a first‐order quantifier (or some similar operator) is usually what establishes commitment to an ontology of objects, and since the calculus of relations eschews the quantifier in favor of a composition operator that can be given a natural interpretation consistent with structuralist metaphysics, the calculus is an ideal language for the structuralist to use to describe the world.
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