Human pluripotent stem cell-derived models of the hippocampus

The hippocampus is a crucial structure of the brain, recognised for its roles in the formation of memory, and our ability to navigate the world. Despite its importance, clear understanding of how the human hippocampus develops and its contribution to disease is limited due to the inaccessible nature of the human brain. In this regard, the advent of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies has enabled the study of human biology in an unprecedented manner, through the ability to model development and disease as both 2D monolayers and 3D organoids. In this review, we explore the existing efforts to derive the hippocampal lineage from hPSCs and evaluate the various aspects of the in vivo hippocampus that are replicated in vitro. In addition, we highlight key diseases that have been modelled using hPSC-derived cultures and offer our perspective on future directions for this emerging field.