Local-global buckling interaction in steel I-beams—A European design proposal for the case of fire

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the developments leading to the proposal of European fire design rules for steel beams with thin-walled I-sections. Thin-walled beams are favoured in steel construction due to their structural efficiency, however they are prone to buckle when subjected to in-plane loads, phenomenon which requires a thorough investigation. The focus lies on addressing the interaction between local and global buckling in these members. This study discusses modifications to the Effective Width Method at elevated temperatures, aiming to rectify underestimation of section capacity on certain cross-sections. Additionally, an overview of lateral-torsional buckling resistance is provided, being a new Effective Section Factor proposed to account for its interaction with local buckling. The paper revisits the European fire design proposal, comparing the improvements of the existing Eurocode 3 Part 1–2 (EN1993-1-2:2005) relative to the recent second generation of Part 1–2 of Eurocode 3 (FprEN1993-1-2:2023) through an extensive numerical study. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed, such as dependency on the section classification and broadening the application scope of these rules to higher steel grades.