开发在线云雾监测仪：设计、实验室和在中国东部沿海无人区的实地部署

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120927

Ping Du , Xinghui Liu , Xiaoling Nie , Tao Li , Haoran He , Jianing Zhang , Xinfeng Wang , Yan Wang , Jianmin Chen

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引用次数: 0

摘要

云水化学在线探测是大气外场观测中的一个紧迫问题，在线探测模块是云水观测的一个重要发展方向。解决人工检测中常见的延时误差问题，尤其是云水酸度方面的问题，仍然具有挑战性，人们对这一问题的理解和有效解决方案都很有限。我们开发了一种在线云雾监测仪（OCFM），具有自动 pH 值和导电率（EC）检测功能，并进行了全面的实验室和实地测试。OCFM 利用蠕动泵、水管和分流室将云雾样本导入不同的检测室，从而实现实时分析。分流室配备了双液面传感器，一旦体积超过预定阈值，就会隔离并保存样本。校准结果表明，仪器的本底金属元素不会影响云水分析，检测也在设计的响应时间内完成。现场测试表明，OCFM 可以采集 50 毫升以上的云水，响应精度超过 63.6%，但会受到气象条件的影响。pH 值的延时误差明显大于 EC 值。与加州理工学院主动式云水采集器（CASCC）的比较分析表明，OCFM 的采样过程不会产生误差，pH 值和 EC 值的在线检测精度与人工方法相当。此外，OCFM 采集的样本中的水溶性离子与 CASCC 采集的样本相比没有明显差异。总之，OCFM 能有效取代人工检测，减少化学性质检测中的时间延迟误差。这种云水检测器的引入有望大幅降低与云水观测相关的人工成本和经济消耗，从而促进对云水化学的长期、多站点观测。

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Development of an online cloud fog monitor: Design, laboratory, and field deployment at an unoccupied coastal site in Eastern China

Online detection of cloud water chemistry is a pressing issue in atmospheric outfield observation, with online detection modules representing a significant development direction for cloud water observation. Addressing the common problem of time-delayed errors in manual detection, particularly in the context of cloud water acidity, has remained challenging, with limited understanding and effective solutions available. We developed an Online Cloud Fog Monitor (OCFM) featuring automatic pH and electrical conductivity (EC) detection capabilities, and conducted comprehensive laboratory and field tests. The OCFM utilizes a peristaltic pump, water pipe, and diversion chamber to direct cloud samples to distinct detection chambers, enabling real-time analysis. The diversion chamber is equipped with dual liquid level sensors to segregate and preserve samples once the volume exceeds a predetermined threshold. Calibration results indicate that the instrument's background metal elements do not affect cloud water analysis, and detection occurs within the designed response time. Field tests demonstrate that the OCFM can collect over 50 ml of cloud water, with a response accuracy exceeding 63.6%, though influenced by meteorological conditions. The time-delay error for pH was notably larger than for EC. Comparative analysis with the Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collector (CASCC) revealed that the OCFM's sampling process does not introduce errors, and the online detection accuracy of pH and EC is comparable to manual methods. Additionally, water-soluble ions in samples collected by the OCFM showed no significant differences compared to those collected by CASCC. Overall, the OCFM effectively replaces manual testing, mitigating time-delay errors in chemical property testing. The introduction of this cloud water detector promises to significantly reduce labor costs and economic consumption associated with cloud water observation, thereby facilitating long-term, multi-site observation of cloud water chemistry.

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Environment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

8.00%

发文量

458

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： Atmospheric Environment has an open access mirror journal Atmospheric Environment: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.