不同林火管理政策和燃料处理模式对中国北方森林火险的影响

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112806

Tongxin Hu, Zibo Xu, Cheng Yu, Xu Dou, Yujing Zhang, Long Sun

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引用次数: 0

摘要

森林燃料是森林火灾的物质基础，也是火灾蔓延的主要因素。当前，全球气候变暖导致全球北方森林有效燃料负荷增加，长期实施灭火政策将导致森林燃料持续积累，进一步增加特大森林火灾发生的可能性和风险。这一挑战促使不同国家和地区从单一的灭火政策转向实施有效的燃料调节措施，以便在降低野火风险和保护生态系统之间取得平衡。本研究利用 LANDIS PRO 模型，以 10 年为时间步长，研究了 100 年内中国高纬度北方林区火灾管理政策和燃料调控措施对火灾风险的影响。结果表明：(1) 与无火灾抑制政策相比，火灾抑制政策加速了粗燃料和细燃料的积累（分别增加了 19.05 % 和 9.28 %），并增加了该地区潜在的平均火灾强度（增加了 58.81 %）；(2) 在火灾抑制政策下，机械清除、规定燃烧和机械清除加规定燃烧的实施减少了该地区高强度火灾的发生面积，从而显著降低了森林火灾风险（分别减少了 17.37 %、13.37 %、13.37 %、13.37 %）。分别降低了 17.37 %、13.37 % 和 21.18 %）；（3）每 15 年对 3.0 % 的面积实施火源抑制政策和机械清除加规定燃烧应该是该地区的最佳燃料处理方案，与不进行燃料处理相比，总燃烧面积以及低、中、高强度燃烧面积分别显著减少了 23.34 %、26.23 %、23.73 % 和 22.87 %。这项研究发现，与燃料调节措施相比，火灾管理政策对火灾风险的影响更大，合理的燃料控制有助于减少该地区的高强度火灾面积。该研究为中国高纬度北方森林制定森林火灾管理政策和选择燃料控制方法提供了科学依据和数据支持。

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Impacts of different forest fire management policies and fuel treatment models on forest fire risk in boreal forest of China

Forest fuels are the material basis of forest fires and the main factor in the spread of fires. The current global warming has led to an increase in the effective fuel load in the global boreal forests, and the long-term implementation of the fire suppression policy will lead to a continuous accumulation of fuels in the forests, which will further increase the likelihood of the occurrence of mega-forest fires and the risk of such fires. This challenge has prompted different countries and regions to shift away from monolithic fire suppression policies to practising effective fuel regulation measures in order to strike a balance between reducing the risk of wildfires and protecting ecosystems. This study utilises the LANDIS PRO model to investigate the effects of fire management policies and fuel regulation measures on fire risk in high-latitude boreal forest region of China over 100 years using a 10-year time step. The results show that (1) Fire suppression policies accelerate the accumulation of coarse and fine fuels (by 19.05 % and 9.28 %, respectively) and increase the potential average fire intensity of the area (by 58.81 %) compared to no fire suppression policies; (2) Implementation of mechanical removal, prescribed burning and mechanical removal plus prescribed burning under the fire suppression policy reduces the area of high-intensity fires in the region and thus significantly reduces the forest fire risk (by 17.37 %, 13.37 %, and 21.18 %, respectively); (3) Implementing a fire suppression policy and mechanical removal plus prescribed burning on 3.0 % of the area every 15 years are supposed to be the optimal fuel treatment program for the region, which resulted in significant reductions in total area burned, and low, medium, and high-intensity area burned by 23.34, 26.23, 23.73, and 22.87 %, respectively, when compared to no fuel treatment. This study found that fire management policies have a greater impact on fire risk than fuel regulation measures and that reasonable fuel control can help reduce the area of high-intensity fires in the region. This study aids to provide a scientific basis and data support for formulating forest fire management policies and selecting fuel control methods in high-latitude boreal forests of China.

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来源期刊

Ecological Indicators 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

11.80

自引率

8.70%

发文量

1163

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The ultimate aim of Ecological Indicators is to integrate the monitoring and assessment of ecological and environmental indicators with management practices. The journal provides a forum for the discussion of the applied scientific development and review of traditional indicator approaches as well as for theoretical, modelling and quantitative applications such as index development. Research into the following areas will be published. • All aspects of ecological and environmental indicators and indices. • New indicators, and new approaches and methods for indicator development, testing and use. • Development and modelling of indices, e.g. application of indicator suites across multiple scales and resources. • Analysis and research of resource, system- and scale-specific indicators. • Methods for integration of social and other valuation metrics for the production of scientifically rigorous and politically-relevant assessments using indicator-based monitoring and assessment programs. • How research indicators can be transformed into direct application for management purposes. • Broader assessment objectives and methods, e.g. biodiversity, biological integrity, and sustainability, through the use of indicators. • Resource-specific indicators such as landscape, agroecosystems, forests, wetlands, etc.