Autologous myokine-loaded pre-vascularized bioactive scaffold enhances bone augmentation

The poor angiogenic ability is the main reason for the failure of bone augmentation material implantation. Pre-vascularized culture is considered to be an effective method to accelerate early angiogenesis, while the immune rejection has limited clinical application. Herein, since bone augmentation is an elective procedure, an easily accessible pre-vascularized silk fibroin/bioactive glass (SF-BG) scaffold without immune rejection was prepared by autologous intramuscular implantation. The SF-BG scaffolds exhibited outstanding vascularization ability in muscle by enhancing the muscle endocrine function. Further mechanism study confirmed that BG improved the synthesis and secretion of myokine irisin by regulating PI3K/Akt/PGC-1α/FNDC5 signaling pathway. After implantation in the bone augmentation position, the pre-vascularized BG scaffold with irisin loaded fostered the early angiogenesis of implantation and increased bone augmentation at the late stage. This study proposed a new idea for bone augmentation by autologous intramuscular pre-vascularized scaffolds.