Optimal configuration for shared electric-hydrogen energy storage for multiple integrated energy systems with mobile hydrogen transportation

The flexible operation and storage of hydrogen and electric energy provide an effective path for the development of low-carbon energy and transportation systems. This paper introduces a configuration method for electric-hydrogen shared energy storage supporting the multiple energy and capacity demands of integrated energy systems (IESs). A Stackelberg game-based shared energy framework with gaseous hydrogen transportation by transportation network for shared energy storage operators (SESO) and IESs is established. In this framework, the electric power and electric storage sharing are accomplished by power lines, while the shared hydrogen is achieved by the transportation of mobile trucks. The target of the energy storage operator is to maximize its trading benefits with IESs and lower the life-cycle cost of the whole system, while the IESs aim to meet their energy demand and lower the operation cost via energy storage sharing. To solve this planning model, a two-level sine cosine based grey wolf optimizer (GWO-SCA)-bisectional method is provided to realize the system configuration, mobile hydrogen planning, and economic trading of the shared energy operator. A case study with 3 IESs, real-world geographic roads, and environmental conditions is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the method and the life-cycle configuration and operation economy of the shared energy storage. The comparisons show that the proposed energy storage sharing frame can achieve a higher energy utilization ratio of 92 % and the proposed method can solve the two-level problem more efficiently, the calculation time is reduced by 80.2 %.