Design and application optimization of static and dynamic shading technologies in multi-climate based on parameter simulation

Efficient shading is an important channel to realize energy savings. Static and dynamic shading technologies are diverse and complex but improper use can lead to additional burdens. This study explores the design and application of shadings in multiple climates. Single-parameter and multi-parameter simulations were carried out to obtain the best energy-efficient design of shading parameters and to clarify the differences in climate adaptation of shading devices. Results show that for louver-shading design, high-latitude cities with larger window and wider slats can better control low-angle sunlight, while low-latitude cities need smaller window and larger shading angle to control high-intensity solar radiation. For adaptive shading design, hot cities should adopt lower phase change temperature based on small windows and cooler cities should adopt larger windows and it is relatively difficult to stimulate phase change. For application, thermochromic adaptive window (TAW) has the best energy performance, followed by cooling-excited tracking louver shading (CLSW) and static louver shading window (SLSW), while track louver shading window (TLSW) consistently consume the most energy. The difference in energy consumption between TLSW and TAW is as high as 8 to 14.5 kWh/m². This study is expected to clarify the design and application of shading strategies from a bidirectional perspective.