Fracture and fractal characteristics of high-temperature granite under confined space water jet impact

In the application of jet assisted deep drilling technology, the fracture mode and rock fragment characteristics of high-temperature rock in the confined space of jet drilling are not yet clear. We analyzed the fragmentation and debris distribution of high-temperature granite under confined space jet action using 3D reconstruction technology and statistical fractal theory to examine their fragmentation patterns and fractal characteristics. The results show that high-temperature rocks exhibit obvious thermal fracturing characteristics under the impact of confined water jet, and as the rock temperature increases, vertical compression shear cracks connect with radial tensile cracks. The maximum damage area is located near the bottom of the confined hole, and the distribution of cracks is more complex. As the degree of jet confinement decreases, the rock cracking form changes from radial tensile cracking to vertical compression shear cracking. As the rock temperature increases and the confined space size decreases, the total mass and large debris mass percentages of rock debris increase. The particle size distribution of rock debris follows an Rosin-Rammler (R-R) distribution and has obvious fractal characteristics. The fracture and fragmentation of high-temperature rocks under confined water jet impact are mainly caused by the combination of jet impact stress waves and thermal stress. The temperature difference of rocks affects the heat transfer between jet and rock, and the confined space size directly affects the heat transfer efficiency between jet and rock, which is manifested in different numbers of fracture cracks, internal damage area, and rock debris size distribution. These findings can provide a theoretical and parameter optimization basis for jet-assisted deep reservoir drilling applications.