Numerical investigation on the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of precooler under negative pressure

Precoolers have garnered considerable attention owing to their applications in aerospace and industrial fields. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research concerning the performance of precoolers under conditions of extremely low pressure. This study conducts a numerical analysis of the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a plate-fin precooler operating under negative pressure, considering the coupled heat transfer interactions among the hot fluid, solid wall, and cooling fluid. The comprehensive performance and flow field on each side of the precooler are investigated. Moreover, the impact of negative pressure on the heat transfer and pressure recovery performance of the hot fluid in the rectangle channel is evaluated. The results show that, even under operating conditions with pressures below 30 kPa and inlet temperatures exceeding 1100 K, the precooler attains a pressure recovery coefficient greater than 95.6 % and achieves a temperature drop exceeding 43.2 % for the hot fluid as the mass flow rate ranges from 0.205 kg/s to 0.564 kg/s. Additionally, the heat transfer coefficient of the hot fluid is less than 1/40 that of the cooling fluid, resulting in increased thermal resistance between the hot fluid and the wall. Consequently, a distinct thermal boundary layer develops between the hot fluid and the wall, which is not present between the cooling fluid and the wall. Furthermore, the performance of heat transfer and pressure recovery for the hot fluid exhibits considerable variability with changes in static pressure at a constant inlet velocity. However, a turning point is observed when these parameters are evaluated in terms of the inlet Reynolds number. At low Reynolds numbers, both the heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor remain relatively stable, notwithstanding fluctuations in static pressure. Conversely, at higher Reynolds numbers, a reduction in static pressure negatively influences these factors. For instance, when the static pressure is 10 kPa, the associated Reynolds number is 500. Nevertheless, the Reynolds number at which this turning point occurs escalates with an increase in static pressure.