Detailed mechanistic insights into photocatalytic dye degradation via electronic and agricultural waste derived catalysts

The textile and dyeing industry is utilizing photocatalytic dye degradation methods to combat dye contamination, primarily focusing on agricultural and electronic waste. Green synthesis methods, which use environmentally friendly technologies, are being developed to repurpose materials for sustainable cultivation. The emphasis is on reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which cause the oxidative breakdown of dye molecules following waste-derived photocatalyst activation by visible light. Employing a comprehensive literature review methodology, the study examines the utilization of waste-derived photocatalysts activated by visible light for dye degradation. It explores the role of ROS in the oxidative breakdown of dye molecules and the development of green synthesis methods using environmentally friendly technologies. The review highlights smart strategies for efficient catalyst design, increased solar light use, and more productive manufacturing in waste materials for photocatalysis, promoting sustainable city development, environmental pollution reduction, and a reliable waste-to-energy technology based on circular economy and green chemistry principles.