A multiscale investigation on protein addition toward steering agglomeration and yield in spray drying

The positive effect of protein drying aids that reduce the stickiness of sugar-rich products on the spray drying yield is known. However, as agglomeration also depends on stickiness, one can expect an effect of these drying aids on interparticle collisions. Therefore, the effect of protein addition to maltodextrin systems on agglomeration and yield in spray drying was investigated using single droplet drying and pilot-scale spray drying experiments. Single droplet drying was used to compare the sticking regimes of whey and pea proteins at different concentrations. Adding protein increased the chance of creating agglomerates upon forced collisions between a drying droplet and a glass bead. This was reflected in an increased fraction of agglomerated particles in pilot-scale experiments with injection of fines. Pea protein decreased the fraction of non-agglomerated primary particles from 38% to 22% when the protein content in the liquid feed was 50 g/kg dry basis. In pilot-scale spray drying, protein addition improved the yield. Industrially, these results can be used to steer formulations regarding agglomeration and yield.