Conservation in agricultural landscapes: Impact of privately managed interventions on habitat condition and woody cover

Agricultural landscapes often overlap with areas of high biodiversity. Conservation efforts in these areas have the potential to play a pivotal role in mitigating biodiversity loss and supporting global conservation targets. This study investigates the effectiveness of private conservation interventions established in an agricultural landscape and biodiversity hotspot of Tasmania, Australia. Using a synthetic control design, we assessed two interventions: conservation covenants, which limit disturbances, and a stewardship program emphasizing active management. Our analysis, segmented by dominant vegetation group, examines both habitat condition and woody cover. Results indicate substantial variability both within and between programmes. The stewardship programme generally improved habitat conditions for native grasslands and grassy woodlands, although increased woody cover in native grasslands was a negative outcome. Conservation covenants had positive effects on grassy woodlands and modified agricultural land but were less effective in native grasslands. The study highlights challenges in private conservation, such as balancing landowner engagement with conservation goals and ensuring consistent monitoring. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management are crucial for sustainable ecological benefits, and integrating privately managed conservation efforts with public reserves has the potential to help achieving global biodiversity targets. Insights from this research can guide future conservation strategies, promoting effective management practices in working landscapes.