Ostreid herpesvirus 1 的长读转录组学发现了囊壳成熟模块的保守表达策略,并指出了一种规避基于 ADAR 的抗病毒防御机制。

IF 5.5 2区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY
Virus Evolution Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ve/veae088
Umberto Rosani, Enrico Bortoletto, Xiang Zhang, Bo-Wen Huang, Lu-Sheng Xin, Mart Krupovic, Chang-Ming Bai
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引用次数: 0

摘要

双壳贝类疱疹病毒 1(OsHV-1)是马拉科疱疹病毒科(疱疹病毒目)的成员,是双壳贝类的主要病原体。然而,马拉科疱疹病毒感染周期的分子细节及其与哺乳动物疱疹病毒(疱疹病毒科)复制的整体相似性仍然模糊不清。在这里,为了深入了解 OsHV-1 的生物学特性,我们对受感染的血蛤 Anadara broughtonii 进行了长读数测序,获得了超过一百万 OsHV-1 长读数。通过这些数据,我们对病毒基因组的 78 个基因单元和 274 个转录本进行了注释,其中 67 个是多聚核 mRNA,35 个是 ncRNA,20 个是天然反义转录本 (NAT)。转录组学和蛋白质组学数据表明,噬菌体支架蛋白作为 OsHV-1 噬菌体成熟蛋白酶同工酶具有优先转录和独立翻译的特性。这种转录结构在疱疹病毒中的保留可能表明了其功能的重要性和古老的起源。此外,我们还利用短线程测序技术追踪了 RNA 编辑事件,并证实在原生 OsHV-1 RNA 中存在肌苷酸核苷酸,这与作用于 dsRNA 1 的腺苷脱氨酶(ADAR1)的活性一致。我们的数据表明,虽然 RNA 过度编辑集中在 OsHV-1 基因组的特定区域,但单核苷酸编辑在 OsHV-1 转录本中更为分散。总之,我们揭示了疱疹病毒荚膜成熟模块存在保守的泛疱疹病毒转录组结构,并发现了一种基于转录的病毒反防御机制,它可能有助于逃避宿主的 ADAR 抗病毒系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Long-read transcriptomics of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 uncovers a conserved expression strategy for the capsid maturation module and pinpoints a mechanism for evasion of the ADAR-based antiviral defence.

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), a member of the family Malacoherpesviridae (order Herpesvirales), is a major pathogen of bivalves. However, the molecular details of the malacoherpesvirus infection cycle and its overall similarity to the replication of mammalian herpesviruses (family Orthoherpesviridae) remain obscure. Here, to gain insights into the OsHV-1 biology, we performed long-read sequencing of infected blood clams, Anadara broughtonii, which yielded over one million OsHV-1 long reads. These data enabled the annotation of the viral genome with 78 gene units and 274 transcripts, of which 67 were polycistronic mRNAs, 35 ncRNAs, and 20 natural antisense transcripts (NATs). Transcriptomics and proteomics data indicate preferential transcription and independent translation of the capsid scaffold protein as an OsHV-1 capsid maturation protease isoform. The conservation of this transcriptional architecture across Herpesvirales likely indicates its functional importance and ancient origin. Moreover, we traced RNA editing events using short-read sequencing and supported the presence of inosine nucleotides in native OsHV-1 RNA, consistent with the activity of adenosine deaminase acting on dsRNA 1 (ADAR1). Our data suggest that, whereas RNA hyper-editing is concentrated in specific regions of the OsHV-1 genome, single-nucleotide editing is more dispersed along the OsHV-1 transcripts. In conclusion, we reveal the existence of conserved pan-Herpesvirales transcriptomic architecture of the capsid maturation module and uncover a transcription-based viral counter defence mechanism, which presumably facilitates the evasion of the host ADAR antiviral system.

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来源期刊
Virus Evolution
Virus Evolution Immunology and Microbiology-Microbiology
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
5.70%
发文量
108
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Virus Evolution is a new Open Access journal focusing on the long-term evolution of viruses, viruses as a model system for studying evolutionary processes, viral molecular epidemiology and environmental virology. The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for original research papers, reviews, commentaries and a venue for in-depth discussion on the topics relevant to virus evolution.
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