GelMA microneedle-loaded bio-derived nanovaccine shows therapeutic potential for gliomas.

Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Although immunotherapy, especially tumor vaccines, has made some progress in the treatment of gliomas compared with surgery and radiotherapy. However, the lack of specific or relevant tumor antigens severely limits the further development of tumor vaccines. Here, we report a bio-derived vaccine (TMV@CpG) derived from glioma cell membrane vesicles and carrying TLR9 agonist CpG as adjuvant, which was loaded onto the GelMA microneedle to obtain the microneedle vaccine (MN-TMV@CpG). Microneedle vaccine fully utilize the innate immune cells rich in the skin, inducing stronger cellular immune responses. In subcutaneous tumor models, MN-TMV@CpG reversed the immune-suppressing microenvironment of tumor, and effectively inhibited tumor progression. In an intracranial tumor model, MN-TMV@CpG significantly prolonged the survival duration and induced stronger immune memory responses in tumor bearing mice when combined with anti-PD1 mAb. These results suggest that bio-derived nanovaccines can be used as a potential antitumor immunotherapy strategy.