A Polarization-Insensitive and Adaptively-Blazed Meta-Grating Based on Dispersive Metasurfaces

The diffraction efficiency of blaze gratings is optimized only at a specific frequency due to a fixed blaze angle, resulting in reduced and variable diffraction efficiencies over the working frequency band. Additionally, blazed gratings demonstrate polarization dependence due to their groove structures and the interaction of light with their surfaces. Consequently, designing gratings with constant diffraction efficiencies across a wide frequency bandwidth while maintaining polarization independence remains a challenge. Here, a design paradigm of dispersion engineerable meta-grating inspired by orthogonal harmonic oscillations (OHO) is presented. Utilizing the OHO model, the phase dispersion of a metasurface can be precisely controlled, which applies to any unit cell featuring two orthogonal electromagnetic resonances. As a proof of concept, a polarization-insensitive meta-grating is showcased, where the blazed angle adapts with the incident frequency, ensuring broadband performance. In the experiment, the adaptively-blazed grating measured an optimized and constant diffraction efficiency of ≈80% over the working wavelength range, i.e., 8.7–12.2 µm. The difference in diffraction efficiency between the two perpendicular linear polarization states remains within 4.6%. The proposed paradigm paves the way for meta-device design based on precise dispersion engineering, which has potential applications in spectrometers, broadband beam forming and steering, hyperspectral imaging, etc.