Advancements in non-destructive archaeometric analysis of ancient ferrous artefacts: insights from SR-X-Ray diffraction investigation using model alloys

The exploration of archaeological heritage aims at understanding past societies through the study of ancient materials. While archaeometric analysis provides valuable insights, invasive sampling raises ethical concerns and is often restricted, necessitating the development of non-invasive techniques. This study presents a methodology based on X-Ray Diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The approach involves the elaboration and characterization of model alloys, with X-ray data analysis using Rietveld refinement and Williamson-Hall plot method. Phase identification along with crystallographical investigations conducted on three medieval armours provides insights into manufacturing techniques and highlights the method’s limitation.