TSOM: Small object motion detection neural network inspired by avian visual circuit

Detecting small moving objects in complex backgrounds from an overhead perspective is a highly challenging task for machine vision systems. As an inspiration from nature, the avian visual system is capable of processing motion information in various complex aerial scenes, and the Retina-OT-Rt visual circuit of birds is highly sensitive to capturing the motion information of small objects from high altitudes. However, more needs to be done on small object motion detection algorithms based on the avian visual system. In this paper, we conducted mathematical description based on extensive studies of the biological mechanisms of the Retina-OT-Rt visual circuit. Based on this, we proposed a novel tectum small object motion detection neural network (TSOM). The TSOM neural network includes the retina, SGC dendritic, SGC Soma, and Rt layers, each corresponding to neurons in the visual pathway for precise topographic projection, spatial–temporal encoding, motion feature selection, and multi-directional motion integration. Extensive experiments on pigeon neurophysiological experiments and image sequence data showed that the TSOM is biologically interpretable and effective in extracting reliable small object motion features from complex high-altitude backgrounds.