Palliative management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer.

Background: Patients with cancer often experience nausea. In some cases, a specific cause such as chemotherapeutic adverse effects, raised intracranial pressure or malignant bowel obstruction is identified. In other cases, no specific cause is apparent.

Objective: This article summarises the evidence-based management of nausea in advanced cancer. It includes the nausea of select, specific contexts such as raised intracranial pressure and bowel obstruction.

Discussion: It is not commonly appreciated that low-dose oral haloperidol is the standard of care arm for many trials looking to reduce nausea in advanced cancer. It is available cheaply through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The relative merits of other medications are discussed, as are the merits of an empiric versus a mechanistic approach to treatment.