{"title":"哈尔达河水重金属污染分析：孟加拉国鲤鱼的独特繁殖地。","authors":"Afsana Kamal, Md Manzoorul Kibria, Shahadat Hossain, Chowdhury Kaiser Mahmud, Rashmi Roy, Nighat Sultana Resma","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70078","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water from different sampling sites of the Halda River, the only natural breeding ground of Indian major carps.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We have analysed the contamination level and seasonal variations of heavy metals (viz. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb). The favourability of the breeding environment was assessed by different contamination indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected from six sampling sites for four different seasons, and the metal concentrations were determined for water samples using Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained order of mean concentrations of heavy metals for four seasons was winter > spring > monsoon > pre-monsoon, and the assessed mean concentrations (mg/L) of heavy metals follow the trend: Fe (9.129) > Pb (0.033) > Zn (0.024) > Cr (0.017) > Cu (0.012) > Cd (0.002). The concentration of Fe was found above the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Guidelines for Water Quality) and ECR (1997), and the concentrations for Pb were found above the USEPA (2006) limit in all four seasons. Contamination indices (heavy metal pollution Index [HPI] and metal index [MI]) indicate that during winter and monsoon, the river water metal condition is critical (HPI > 100) and the sites are moderately as well as slightly (1< MI <2) affected by the studied heavy metals. Contamination indices, such as contamination factors (C<sub>f</sub>), degree of contamination (C<sub>deg</sub>) and the pollution load index (PLI), demonstrate the fact that Fe and Pb remarkably contaminated the studied sampling sites. The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the studied metals are connected by their sources, which can be geological or anthropogenic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urgent initiatives need to be taken, and effective strategies must be implemented to control the different sources responsible for the entry of heavy metals into the Halda River water.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"e70078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549533/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water of the Halda River: A Distinctive Breeding Habitat for Carp Fish in Bangladesh.\",\"authors\":\"Afsana Kamal, Md Manzoorul Kibria, Shahadat Hossain, Chowdhury Kaiser Mahmud, Rashmi Roy, Nighat Sultana Resma\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/vms3.70078\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water from different sampling sites of the Halda River, the only natural breeding ground of Indian major carps.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We have analysed the contamination level and seasonal variations of heavy metals (viz. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb). The favourability of the breeding environment was assessed by different contamination indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected from six sampling sites for four different seasons, and the metal concentrations were determined for water samples using Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained order of mean concentrations of heavy metals for four seasons was winter > spring > monsoon > pre-monsoon, and the assessed mean concentrations (mg/L) of heavy metals follow the trend: Fe (9.129) > Pb (0.033) > Zn (0.024) > Cr (0.017) > Cu (0.012) > Cd (0.002). The concentration of Fe was found above the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Guidelines for Water Quality) and ECR (1997), and the concentrations for Pb were found above the USEPA (2006) limit in all four seasons. Contamination indices (heavy metal pollution Index [HPI] and metal index [MI]) indicate that during winter and monsoon, the river water metal condition is critical (HPI > 100) and the sites are moderately as well as slightly (1< MI <2) affected by the studied heavy metals. Contamination indices, such as contamination factors (C<sub>f</sub>), degree of contamination (C<sub>deg</sub>) and the pollution load index (PLI), demonstrate the fact that Fe and Pb remarkably contaminated the studied sampling sites. The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the studied metals are connected by their sources, which can be geological or anthropogenic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urgent initiatives need to be taken, and effective strategies must be implemented to control the different sources responsible for the entry of heavy metals into the Halda River water.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23543,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary Medicine and Science\",\"volume\":\"10 6\",\"pages\":\"e70078\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549533/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary Medicine and Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70078\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70078","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water of the Halda River: A Distinctive Breeding Habitat for Carp Fish in Bangladesh.
Background: The present study aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water from different sampling sites of the Halda River, the only natural breeding ground of Indian major carps.
Objectives: We have analysed the contamination level and seasonal variations of heavy metals (viz. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb). The favourability of the breeding environment was assessed by different contamination indices.
Methods: Samples were collected from six sampling sites for four different seasons, and the metal concentrations were determined for water samples using Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results: The obtained order of mean concentrations of heavy metals for four seasons was winter > spring > monsoon > pre-monsoon, and the assessed mean concentrations (mg/L) of heavy metals follow the trend: Fe (9.129) > Pb (0.033) > Zn (0.024) > Cr (0.017) > Cu (0.012) > Cd (0.002). The concentration of Fe was found above the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Guidelines for Water Quality) and ECR (1997), and the concentrations for Pb were found above the USEPA (2006) limit in all four seasons. Contamination indices (heavy metal pollution Index [HPI] and metal index [MI]) indicate that during winter and monsoon, the river water metal condition is critical (HPI > 100) and the sites are moderately as well as slightly (1< MI <2) affected by the studied heavy metals. Contamination indices, such as contamination factors (Cf), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and the pollution load index (PLI), demonstrate the fact that Fe and Pb remarkably contaminated the studied sampling sites. The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the studied metals are connected by their sources, which can be geological or anthropogenic.
Conclusion: Urgent initiatives need to be taken, and effective strategies must be implemented to control the different sources responsible for the entry of heavy metals into the Halda River water.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Medicine and Science is the peer-reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of veterinary medicine and science. The journal aims to serve the research community by providing a vehicle for authors wishing to publish interesting and high quality work in both fundamental and clinical veterinary medicine and science.
Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper.
We aim to be a truly global forum for high-quality research in veterinary medicine and science, and believe that the best research should be published and made widely accessible as quickly as possible. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes papers submitted directly to the journal and those referred from a select group of prestigious journals published by Wiley-Blackwell.
Veterinary Medicine and Science is a Wiley Open Access journal, one of a new series of peer-reviewed titles publishing quality research with speed and efficiency. For further information visit the Wiley Open Access website.
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