PREVALENCE OF KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG ADULT OUTPATIENTS IN A NIGERIAN TERTIARY HOSPITAL.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a set of components including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity. Despite the well-established association between MetS and chronic kidney disease (CKD), a significant gap remains in our understanding of the relationship of kidney dysfunction with individual components of MetS, particularly in Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of kidney dysfunction among adults with MetS and to examine the relationship of key components of MetS with kidney dysfunction in Nigeria.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved randomly selected adult outpatients with MetS attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Kidney function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed and statistical significance was set at p < .05.

Results: A total of 75 adults with MetS (mean age 53.33 ± 13.94 years, 65.3% female) were included. The prevalence of kidney dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) was 36.0%, with no significant difference between genders. Blood pressure, serum high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were the components of MetS that significantly correlated with eGFR and were identified as independent predictors of kidney function.

Conclusion: The study highlights the considerable burden of kidney dysfunction among individuals with metabolic syndrome in Nigeria. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the components of metabolic syndrome significantly associated with kidney dysfunction. Early detection and targeted interventions including lifestyle modification and appropriate drug management are important to mitigate the impact of metabolic syndrome on kidney health, resulting in improved health outcomes and reduced burden of chronic kidney disease.