Combined axicon design based on a structural parameter optimization algorithm.

This study proposes a combined axicon (CA) design method based on a structural parameter optimization algorithm designed to rapidly address the demands of practical application scenarios, precisely tailor structural parameters, and produce high-quality Bessel beams (HQ-QBBs) that satisfy specific requirements. Compared to generating an HQ-QBB using an axicon, our method effectively overcomes the shortcomings of fewer tunable factors, a large number of high-energy side-lobes, and limited non-diffractive regions. Through detailed analyses of the transmission characteristics, imaging characteristics, and thick-sample detection ability of the generated HQ-QBB, the significant advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated. The proposed method is not only relevant to current research but also demonstrates wide-ranging application potential in future lens designs.