Anesthesiologic relevance of Klinefelter syndrome - discussion based on a case report.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS), usually the 47,XXY karyotype, is the most common sex chromosome anomaly in males. However, many cases remain undiagnosed because the clinical presentation is highly variable and physicians are not sufficiently trained to assess for this condition. To the best of our knowledge, only three detailed reports on anesthesia in patients with KS are currently available.

Case: We report the case of a 74-year-old male with KS who underwent ureterorenoscopy under general anesthesia. Despite the characteristic clinical presentation of KS and its typical sequelae, the course of anesthesia was unremarkable.

Conclusions: Despite the unremarkable anaesthetic course in our case, anesthetists should be aware of the potential for a difficult airway and cardiovascular and other complications associated with this syndrome. During preoperative examination, attention should be paid to common secondary manifestations of KS to avoid perioperative complications.