Andrew J Cutler, François Laliberté, Guillaume Germain, Sean D MacKnight, Julien Boudreau, Sally W Wade, Mousam Parikh
{"title":"首次使用卡哌嗪治疗 I 型躁郁症与后续使用卡哌嗪治疗 I 型躁郁症的相关医疗资源利用率和成本。","authors":"Andrew J Cutler, François Laliberté, Guillaume Germain, Sean D MacKnight, Julien Boudreau, Sally W Wade, Mousam Parikh","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2419721","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs of patients who initiated cariprazine as their first versus subsequent atypical antipsychotic (AA) following a bipolar I disorder (BP-I) diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with a BP-I diagnosis (first claim = index), commercial, Medicare Supplemental, or Medicaid insurance, and ≥1 outpatient cariprazine dispensing were identified from Merative MarketScan database. Cohorts included patients who initiated cariprazine as either their first or subsequent AA after initial BP-I diagnosis. Characteristics were balanced between cohorts using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Outcomes evaluated post-index included all-cause and mental health (MH)-related HRU (hospitalizations, emergency department [ED] visits, outpatient visits), total healthcare costs (medical + pharmacy), and treatment patterns. HRU and healthcare costs were reported per patient-year (PPY) and compared between cohorts using rate ratios and 95% CIs estimated using nonparametric bootstrap procedures. Treatment patterns were analyzed descriptively, with standardized differences ≥10% considered important.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After IPTW, cohorts included 1,409 patients who initiated cariprazine first and 1,621 patients who initiated cariprazine subsequently; the average (standard deviation, SD) observation period was 678 (373) and 758 (389) days for first and subsequent initiators, respectively. Patients who initiated cariprazine first had 23% fewer all-cause hospitalizations and 28% fewer MH-related hospitalizations PPY (each comparison, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Rates of all-cause and MH-related outpatient visits were significantly lower in patients who initiated cariprazine first versus subsequently (each comparison, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while rates of ED visits were similar. Relative to subsequent initiators, first initiators incurred $2,587 and $2,130 lower all-cause and MH-related total healthcare costs PPY, respectively (each comparison, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Before starting cariprazine, first initiators used fewer BP-I-related medications on average than subsequent initiators (2.6 vs 3.9; standardized difference = 23.9%).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Potential coding inaccuracies and residual confounding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this real-world database analysis, patients with BP-I who initiated cariprazine as their first AA had lower rates of HRU and incurred lower costs than patients who initiated cariprazine as a subsequent AA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"1472-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with first versus subsequent use of cariprazine for bipolar I disorder.\",\"authors\":\"Andrew J Cutler, François Laliberté, Guillaume Germain, Sean D MacKnight, Julien Boudreau, Sally W Wade, Mousam Parikh\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13696998.2024.2419721\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs of patients who initiated cariprazine as their first versus subsequent atypical antipsychotic (AA) following a bipolar I disorder (BP-I) diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with a BP-I diagnosis (first claim = index), commercial, Medicare Supplemental, or Medicaid insurance, and ≥1 outpatient cariprazine dispensing were identified from Merative MarketScan database. Cohorts included patients who initiated cariprazine as either their first or subsequent AA after initial BP-I diagnosis. Characteristics were balanced between cohorts using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Outcomes evaluated post-index included all-cause and mental health (MH)-related HRU (hospitalizations, emergency department [ED] visits, outpatient visits), total healthcare costs (medical + pharmacy), and treatment patterns. HRU and healthcare costs were reported per patient-year (PPY) and compared between cohorts using rate ratios and 95% CIs estimated using nonparametric bootstrap procedures. Treatment patterns were analyzed descriptively, with standardized differences ≥10% considered important.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After IPTW, cohorts included 1,409 patients who initiated cariprazine first and 1,621 patients who initiated cariprazine subsequently; the average (standard deviation, SD) observation period was 678 (373) and 758 (389) days for first and subsequent initiators, respectively. Patients who initiated cariprazine first had 23% fewer all-cause hospitalizations and 28% fewer MH-related hospitalizations PPY (each comparison, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Rates of all-cause and MH-related outpatient visits were significantly lower in patients who initiated cariprazine first versus subsequently (each comparison, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while rates of ED visits were similar. Relative to subsequent initiators, first initiators incurred $2,587 and $2,130 lower all-cause and MH-related total healthcare costs PPY, respectively (each comparison, <i>p</i> < 0.05). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:评估双相情感障碍 I 型(BP-I)诊断后首次使用卡哌嗪与随后使用非典型抗精神病药(AA)的患者的医疗资源利用率(HRU)和费用:从 Merative MarketScan 数据库中筛选出确诊为双相情感障碍 I(BP-I)(首次索赔=索引)、拥有商业保险、医疗保险补充险或医疗补助险且≥1 次门诊配发卡哌嗪的成人。队列包括在初次确诊 BP-I 后作为首次或后续 AA 开始使用卡哌嗪的患者。采用反向治疗概率加权法 (IPTW) 平衡各组群之间的特征。指数后评估的结果包括全因和心理健康(MH)相关的 HRU(住院、急诊科 [ED] 就诊、门诊就诊)、总医疗费用(医疗 + 药房)和治疗模式。报告的 HRU 和医疗费用均为每患者年 (PPY),并使用非参数自举程序估算的比率比和 95% CI 对不同队列进行比较。对治疗模式进行了描述性分析,并将标准化差异≥10%视为重要差异:IPTW后,队列中包括1409名首次使用卡哌嗪的患者和1621名随后使用卡哌嗪的患者;首次使用和随后使用卡哌嗪的患者的平均(标准差,SD)观察期分别为678(373)天和758(389)天。首次使用卡哌嗪的患者全因住院治疗次数减少了 23%,与 MH 相关的住院治疗次数减少了 28%(每次比较,p p p 局限性:可能存在编码不准确和残余混杂因素:在这项真实世界数据库分析中,与随后开始使用卡哌嗪的患者相比,首次使用卡哌嗪的 BP-I 患者的 HRU 发生率较低,产生的费用也较低。
Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with first versus subsequent use of cariprazine for bipolar I disorder.
Aims: To evaluate the healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs of patients who initiated cariprazine as their first versus subsequent atypical antipsychotic (AA) following a bipolar I disorder (BP-I) diagnosis.
Methods: Adults with a BP-I diagnosis (first claim = index), commercial, Medicare Supplemental, or Medicaid insurance, and ≥1 outpatient cariprazine dispensing were identified from Merative MarketScan database. Cohorts included patients who initiated cariprazine as either their first or subsequent AA after initial BP-I diagnosis. Characteristics were balanced between cohorts using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Outcomes evaluated post-index included all-cause and mental health (MH)-related HRU (hospitalizations, emergency department [ED] visits, outpatient visits), total healthcare costs (medical + pharmacy), and treatment patterns. HRU and healthcare costs were reported per patient-year (PPY) and compared between cohorts using rate ratios and 95% CIs estimated using nonparametric bootstrap procedures. Treatment patterns were analyzed descriptively, with standardized differences ≥10% considered important.
Results: After IPTW, cohorts included 1,409 patients who initiated cariprazine first and 1,621 patients who initiated cariprazine subsequently; the average (standard deviation, SD) observation period was 678 (373) and 758 (389) days for first and subsequent initiators, respectively. Patients who initiated cariprazine first had 23% fewer all-cause hospitalizations and 28% fewer MH-related hospitalizations PPY (each comparison, p < 0.001). Rates of all-cause and MH-related outpatient visits were significantly lower in patients who initiated cariprazine first versus subsequently (each comparison, p < 0.001), while rates of ED visits were similar. Relative to subsequent initiators, first initiators incurred $2,587 and $2,130 lower all-cause and MH-related total healthcare costs PPY, respectively (each comparison, p < 0.05). Before starting cariprazine, first initiators used fewer BP-I-related medications on average than subsequent initiators (2.6 vs 3.9; standardized difference = 23.9%).
Limitations: Potential coding inaccuracies and residual confounding.
Conclusions: In this real-world database analysis, patients with BP-I who initiated cariprazine as their first AA had lower rates of HRU and incurred lower costs than patients who initiated cariprazine as a subsequent AA.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Medical Economics'' mission is to provide ethical, unbiased and rapid publication of quality content that is validated by rigorous peer review. The aim of Journal of Medical Economics is to serve the information needs of the pharmacoeconomics and healthcare research community, to help translate research advances into patient care and be a leader in transparency/disclosure by facilitating a collaborative and honest approach to publication.
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