Shota Enomoto, Shunya Furuuchi, Tatsuki Ishibashi, Shu Yamada, Toshiaki Oda
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The average value of the first principal Lagrange strain was calculated for the middle third of the total length of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical (stepwise) analysis revealed the effects of the degree of twist, other geometries, and their combinations on AT strain. The main findings were as follows: (1) a greater degree of twist resulted in higher average strains (<i>t</i> = 9.28, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and (2) the effect of the degree of twist on the strain depended on dimensions of thickness of the most distal part of the AT (<i>t</i> = -4.49, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and the length of the AT (<i>t</i> = -3.82, <i>p</i> = 0.0005). Specifically, when the thickness of the most distal part and length were large, the degree of twist had a small effect on the first principal Lagrange strain; however, when the thickness of the most distal part and length were small, a greater degree of twist results in higher first principal Lagrange strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that the relationship between the degree of twist and local strain is complex and may not be accurately assessed by FE simulation using a single geometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1445364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561387/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Degree of twist in the Achilles tendon interacts with its length and thickness in affecting local strain magnitude: a finite element analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Shota Enomoto, Shunya Furuuchi, Tatsuki Ishibashi, Shu Yamada, Toshiaki Oda\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1445364\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between the twisting of the three subtendons of the Achilles tendon (AT) and local strain has received attention in recent years. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
导言：近年来，跟腱（AT）三个副腱的扭曲与局部应变之间的关系受到了关注。本研究旨在利用有限元（FE）分析阐明跟腱扭转程度如何影响应变，同时考虑其他几何形状（如长度、厚度和宽度）及其组合：方法：共创建了 59 个具有不同扭曲度和几何形状的有限元模型。在每个肌腱上施加 1,000 N 的拉伸力（z 轴）（总计：3,000 N）。在模型总长度的中间三分之一处计算第一主拉格朗日应变的平均值：统计（逐步）分析显示了扭转程度、其他几何形状及其组合对 AT 应变的影响。主要发现如下(1）扭曲程度越大，平均应变越高（t = 9.28，p < 0.0001）；（2）扭曲程度对应变的影响取决于 AT 最远处的厚度（t = -4.49，p < 0.0001）和 AT 的长度（t = -3.82，p = 0.0005）。具体而言，当最远端的厚度和长度较大时，扭转程度对第一主拉格朗日应变的影响较小；然而，当最远端的厚度和长度较小时，扭转程度越大，第一主拉格朗日应变越大：这些结果表明，扭转程度与局部应变之间的关系非常复杂，可能无法通过使用单一几何形状进行有限元模拟来准确评估。
Degree of twist in the Achilles tendon interacts with its length and thickness in affecting local strain magnitude: a finite element analysis.
Introduction: The relationship between the twisting of the three subtendons of the Achilles tendon (AT) and local strain has received attention in recent years. The present study aimed to elucidate how the degree of twist in the AT affects strain using finite element (FE) analysis, while also considering other geometries (e.g., length, thickness, and width) and their combinations.
Methods: A total of 59 FE models with different degrees of twist and geometries were created. A lengthening force (z-axis) of 1,000 N was applied to each subtendon (total: 3,000 N). The average value of the first principal Lagrange strain was calculated for the middle third of the total length of the model.
Results: Statistical (stepwise) analysis revealed the effects of the degree of twist, other geometries, and their combinations on AT strain. The main findings were as follows: (1) a greater degree of twist resulted in higher average strains (t = 9.28, p < 0.0001) and (2) the effect of the degree of twist on the strain depended on dimensions of thickness of the most distal part of the AT (t = -4.49, p < 0.0001) and the length of the AT (t = -3.82, p = 0.0005). Specifically, when the thickness of the most distal part and length were large, the degree of twist had a small effect on the first principal Lagrange strain; however, when the thickness of the most distal part and length were small, a greater degree of twist results in higher first principal Lagrange strain.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the relationship between the degree of twist and local strain is complex and may not be accurately assessed by FE simulation using a single geometry.
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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